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THE RH BLOOD TYPES FREE

JAMA. 1944;125(7):495-495. doi:10.1001/jama.1944.02850250035012
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As Landsteiner and Wiener1 have shown, serums for testing for the Rh blood factor can be produced at will by immunizing guinea pigs with the blood of rhesus monkeys. The guinea pig serums all give parallel reactions and agglutinate the bloods of about 85 per cent of all white persons. Anti-Rh serums can also be obtained from human beings who have had hemolytic transfusion reactions2 or given birth to infants with erythroblastosis fetalis.3 While the reactions of the human serums closely resemble those of the guinea pig antirhesus serums, the parallelism is not always perfect, and recent work has revealed that there are three distinct varieties of human anti-Rh agglutinins. One variety of human antiserum, which gives identical reactions with the antirhesus serums, is designated standard anti-Rh or simply anti-Rh0. The second variety agglutinates the bloods of only 70 per cent of all white persons and is

REFERENCES

Landsteiner, K., and Wiener, A. S.:  Studies on an Agglutinogen of Human Blood (Rh) Reacting with Anti-Rhesus Sera and Human Isoagglutinins , J. Exper. Med. 74:309 ( (Oct.) ) 1941;.
Wiener, A. S., and Peters, H. R.:  Hemolytic Reactions Following Transfusions of Blood of the Homologous Group, with 3 Cases in Which the Same Agglutinogen Was Responsible , Ann. Int. Med. 13:2306 ( (March) ) 1940;.
Levine, P.; Burnham, L.; Katzin, E. M., and Vogel, P.:  The Role of Isoimmunization in the Pathogenesis of Erythroblastosis Fetalis , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 42:925 ( (Dec.) ) 1941;.
Wiener, A. S.:  Hemolytic Reactions Following Transfusions of Blood of the Homologous Group: II. Further Observations on the Role of Property Rh, Particularly in Cases Without Demonstrable Isoantibodies , Arch. Path. 32:227 ( (Aug.) ) 1941;
Wiener, A. S., and Sonn, E. B.:  Additional Variants of the Rh Type, Demonstrable with a Special Human Anti-Rh Serum , J. Immunol. 47: 461 ( (Dec.) ) 1943;.
Wiener, A. S.:  Genetic Theory of the Rh Blood Types , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 54:316 ( (Dec.) ) 1943;.
Wiener, A. S.; Sonn, E. B., and Belkin, R. B.:  Heredity and Distribution of the Rh Blood Types , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 54:238 ( (Nov.) ) 1943;.
Wiener, A. S.; Sonn, E. B., and Belkin, R. B.:  Heredity of the Rh Blood Types , J. Exper. Med. 79:235 ( (March) ) 1944;.
Ferguson, L. C.; Stormont, C., and Irwin, M. R.:  On Additional Antigens in the Erythrocytes of Cattle , J. Immunol. 44: 147 ( (June) ) 1942;.
Wiener, A. S.:  Role of the Subtypes of Rh in Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions and in Erythroblastosis , Am. J. Clin. Path. 14: 52 ( (Jan.) ) 1944;.
Levine, P.:  The Pathogenesis of Erythroblastosis Fetalis , J. Pediat. 23: 656 ( (Dec.) ) 1943;.
Race, R. R.; Taylor, G. R.; Boorman, K. E., and Dodd, B. E.:  Recognition of the Rh Genotypes in Man , Nature (London) 152:563 ( (Nov. 13) ) 1943;.
Race, R. R.; Taylor, G. L.; Cappell, D. F., and McFarlane, M. N.:  Recognition of a Further Common Rh Genotype in Man , Nature (London) 153: 52 ( (Jan. 8) ) 1944;.

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Landsteiner, K., and Wiener, A. S.:  Studies on an Agglutinogen of Human Blood (Rh) Reacting with Anti-Rhesus Sera and Human Isoagglutinins , J. Exper. Med. 74:309 ( (Oct.) ) 1941;.
Wiener, A. S., and Peters, H. R.:  Hemolytic Reactions Following Transfusions of Blood of the Homologous Group, with 3 Cases in Which the Same Agglutinogen Was Responsible , Ann. Int. Med. 13:2306 ( (March) ) 1940;.
Levine, P.; Burnham, L.; Katzin, E. M., and Vogel, P.:  The Role of Isoimmunization in the Pathogenesis of Erythroblastosis Fetalis , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 42:925 ( (Dec.) ) 1941;.
Wiener, A. S.:  Hemolytic Reactions Following Transfusions of Blood of the Homologous Group: II. Further Observations on the Role of Property Rh, Particularly in Cases Without Demonstrable Isoantibodies , Arch. Path. 32:227 ( (Aug.) ) 1941;
Wiener, A. S., and Sonn, E. B.:  Additional Variants of the Rh Type, Demonstrable with a Special Human Anti-Rh Serum , J. Immunol. 47: 461 ( (Dec.) ) 1943;.
Wiener, A. S.:  Genetic Theory of the Rh Blood Types , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 54:316 ( (Dec.) ) 1943;.
Wiener, A. S.; Sonn, E. B., and Belkin, R. B.:  Heredity and Distribution of the Rh Blood Types , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 54:238 ( (Nov.) ) 1943;.
Wiener, A. S.; Sonn, E. B., and Belkin, R. B.:  Heredity of the Rh Blood Types , J. Exper. Med. 79:235 ( (March) ) 1944;.
Ferguson, L. C.; Stormont, C., and Irwin, M. R.:  On Additional Antigens in the Erythrocytes of Cattle , J. Immunol. 44: 147 ( (June) ) 1942;.
Wiener, A. S.:  Role of the Subtypes of Rh in Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions and in Erythroblastosis , Am. J. Clin. Path. 14: 52 ( (Jan.) ) 1944;.
Levine, P.:  The Pathogenesis of Erythroblastosis Fetalis , J. Pediat. 23: 656 ( (Dec.) ) 1943;.
Race, R. R.; Taylor, G. R.; Boorman, K. E., and Dodd, B. E.:  Recognition of the Rh Genotypes in Man , Nature (London) 152:563 ( (Nov. 13) ) 1943;.
Race, R. R.; Taylor, G. L.; Cappell, D. F., and McFarlane, M. N.:  Recognition of a Further Common Rh Genotype in Man , Nature (London) 153: 52 ( (Jan. 8) ) 1944;.
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