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March 18, 1944, Vol 124, No. 12 >
ARTICLE | March 18, 1944

THE CONCEPT OF ORGANIC UNITY AND PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE FREE

GEORGE DRAPER, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

NEW YORK

From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Presbyterian Hospital.


JAMA. 1944;124(12):767-771. doi:10.1001/jama.1944.02850120025006
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References

From earliest times, physicians have been embarrassed by what seemed to be two separate phases of man. One of these, ponderable and physically tangible, has been called the body or soma; the other, termed psyche, imponderable and invisible, likewise appears as an immensely powerful factor in his being.1 What the relationship of these two aspects of the creature might be, and how they may interact, has been a point of controversy throughout the history of medicine. One thing about them, however, has been definite: They are both, in some way, included in the individual animal unit. The term "psychosomatic medicine" was coined with the intent of bringing the parts together. Unfortunately, the two-pronged word does not adequately succeed in establishing the connotation of biologic unity. It still implies that the two parts, each with complete independence, work reciprocally on each other. This belief does not satisfy sound biologic tenets,

REFERENCES

1 +
Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., the Medical Department of Harper and Brothers, New York, 1944.
2 +
Draper, G.:  Disease—A Psychosomatic Reaction , J. A. M. A. 90: 1281 ( (April 21) ) 1928;.
3 +
Draper, G.; Dupertuis, C. W., and Caughey, J. L.: Human Constitution in Clinical Medicine , New York, Harper & Brothers, 1944;.
4 +
Jelliffe, S. E.:  General Reflections on Psychosomatic Monism , New York State J. Med. 39: 1017, 1939;.
5 +
Ogden, C. K., and Richards, R. K.: The Meaning of Meaning , New York, Harcourt, Brace and Company, Inc., 1938;.
6 +
Child, C. M.: Physiological Foundations of Behavior , New York, Henry Holt & Company, 1924;.
7 +
Ritter, W. E.: The Unity of the Organism , Boston, Richard G. Badger, 1919;.
8 +
Wilson, H. V.:  On Some Phenomena of Coalescence and Regeneration in Sponges , J. Exper. Zool. 5:245, 1907;.
9 +
Loeb, L.:  Transplantation and Individuality , Physiol. Rev. 10: 547, 1930;.
10 +
Morgan, T. H.: Experimental Zoölogy , New York, Macmillan Company, 1907;.
11 +
Cannon, W. B.: The Wisdom of the Body , New York, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1932;.
12 +
Wilson, E. B.: The Mosaic Theory of Development, Woods Hole, Biological Lectures, 1893.
13 +
Harrison, R. G.:  Cellular Differentiation and Internal Environment , in The Cell and Protoplasm , Publication 14, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1940;.
14 +
Conklin, E. G.: Heredity and Environment in the Development of Men , Princeton, 1922;.
15 +
Vogt, W.:  Eine Methode lokalizierter Vital-färbung an jungen amphibien Keimen , München. med. Wchnschr. 26:361, 1923;.
16 +
Spemann, H., and Mangold, H.:  Ueber Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation art fremden Organisatoren , Arch. f. Mikr. Anat. u. Entwcklungsgesch. 100:499, 1924;.
17 +
Coghill, G. E.: Anatomy and the Problem of Behavior , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1929;.
18 +
Schilder, P.: Image and Appearance of the Human Body , Psyche Monographs, no. (4) , London, Kegan Paul, French, Trubner & Co., Ltd., 1935;.
19 +
Bruch, H.:  Obesity in Childhood and Personality Development , Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 11:467, 1941;.
20 +
Robertson, O. H.: Personal communication to the author.
21 +
Webster, L. T., and Johnson, M. S.:  Comparative Virulence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Cultured with Brain Tissue from Innately Susceptible and Innately Resistant Mice , J. Exper. Med. 74:489, 1941;.
22 +
Nolan, D. C. L.:  The Present Status of Shock Therapy of Mental Disorders , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 19:227, 1943;.

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1 +
Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., the Medical Department of Harper and Brothers, New York, 1944.
2 +
Draper, G.:  Disease—A Psychosomatic Reaction , J. A. M. A. 90: 1281 ( (April 21) ) 1928;.
3 +
Draper, G.; Dupertuis, C. W., and Caughey, J. L.: Human Constitution in Clinical Medicine , New York, Harper & Brothers, 1944;.
4 +
Jelliffe, S. E.:  General Reflections on Psychosomatic Monism , New York State J. Med. 39: 1017, 1939;.
5 +
Ogden, C. K., and Richards, R. K.: The Meaning of Meaning , New York, Harcourt, Brace and Company, Inc., 1938;.
6 +
Child, C. M.: Physiological Foundations of Behavior , New York, Henry Holt & Company, 1924;.
7 +
Ritter, W. E.: The Unity of the Organism , Boston, Richard G. Badger, 1919;.
8 +
Wilson, H. V.:  On Some Phenomena of Coalescence and Regeneration in Sponges , J. Exper. Zool. 5:245, 1907;.
9 +
Loeb, L.:  Transplantation and Individuality , Physiol. Rev. 10: 547, 1930;.
10 +
Morgan, T. H.: Experimental Zoölogy , New York, Macmillan Company, 1907;.
11 +
Cannon, W. B.: The Wisdom of the Body , New York, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1932;.
12 +
Wilson, E. B.: The Mosaic Theory of Development, Woods Hole, Biological Lectures, 1893.
13 +
Harrison, R. G.:  Cellular Differentiation and Internal Environment , in The Cell and Protoplasm , Publication 14, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1940;.
14 +
Conklin, E. G.: Heredity and Environment in the Development of Men , Princeton, 1922;.
15 +
Vogt, W.:  Eine Methode lokalizierter Vital-färbung an jungen amphibien Keimen , München. med. Wchnschr. 26:361, 1923;.
16 +
Spemann, H., and Mangold, H.:  Ueber Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation art fremden Organisatoren , Arch. f. Mikr. Anat. u. Entwcklungsgesch. 100:499, 1924;.
17 +
Coghill, G. E.: Anatomy and the Problem of Behavior , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1929;.
18 +
Schilder, P.: Image and Appearance of the Human Body , Psyche Monographs, no. (4) , London, Kegan Paul, French, Trubner & Co., Ltd., 1935;.
19 +
Bruch, H.:  Obesity in Childhood and Personality Development , Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 11:467, 1941;.
20 +
Robertson, O. H.: Personal communication to the author.
21 +
Webster, L. T., and Johnson, M. S.:  Comparative Virulence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Cultured with Brain Tissue from Innately Susceptible and Innately Resistant Mice , J. Exper. Med. 74:489, 1941;.
22 +
Nolan, D. C. L.:  The Present Status of Shock Therapy of Mental Disorders , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 19:227, 1943;.

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