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ARTICLE |

THE FEEDING OF HEALTHY INFANTS AND CHILDREN FREE

PHILIP C. JEANS, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

IOWA CITY

From the Department of Pediatrics, State University of Iowa College of Medicine.


JAMA. 1942;120(12):913-921. doi:10.1001/jama.1942.82830470003011
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THE FEEDING OF INFANTS  Human milk commonly is considered the ideal food for the young infant, presumably supplying all nutritional essentials for the early period with the exception of adequate vitamin D. When human milk is not available, cow's milk is the material most commonly used in substitution. It seems desirable to review the comparisons of these two foods as to their contents of various nutritional essentials and their effects on the growth and body composition of the infant. Comparative contents of the two milks are shown in tables 1 and 2.The protein requirement of the infant commonly is stated on the basis of the average amount received in human milk when he is making good growth progress. The amount of protein received by the young infant under these circumstances is 2 to 2.5 Gm. for each kilogram of body weight. Acceptance of the concept, not clearly proved, that

REFERENCES

Stearns, Genevieve:  The Mineral Metabolism of Normal Infants , Physiol. Rev. 19:415-430 ( (July) ) 1939;.
Moulton, C. R.:  Age and Chemical Development in Mammals , J. Biol. Chem. 57:79 ( (Aug.) ) 1923;.
Eliot, Martha M., and Park, E. A.:  Rickets , in Brennemann's System of Pediatrics , Hagerstown, Md., W. F. Prior Company, 1938;, vol. 1, chapter 36.
Hamilton, B.:  Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism of Prematures , Acta paediat. 2:1-83, 1923;.
Stearns, Genevieve; Jeans, P. C., and Vandecar, Verva:  The Effect of Vitamin D on Linear Growth in Infancy , J. Pediat. 9:1-12 ( (July) ) 1936;.
Slyker, Francis; Hamil, B. M.; Poole, M. W.; Cooley, T. B., and Macy, Icie G.:  Relationship Between Vitamin D Intake and Linear Growth in Infants , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 37:499-502 ( (Dec.) ) 1937;.
Jeans, P. C., and Stearns, Genevieve: Unpublished data.
Catherwood, Ruth, and Stearns, Genevieve:  Creatine and Creatinine Excretion in Infancy , J. Biol. Chem. 119:201-214 ( (June) ) 1937;.
Stearns, Genevieve, and Stinger, Dorothy:  Iron Retention in Infancy , J. Nutrition 13:127-141 ( (Feb.) ) 1937;.
Friderichsen, C., and With, T. K.:  Ueber den Gehalt der Frauenmilch an Karotinoiden und A-Vitamin, besonders in bezug auf seine Abhängigkeit von der Kost , Ann. paediat. 153:113-143 ( (June) ) 1939;.
Dann, W. J.:  The Transmission of Vitamin A from Parents to Young in Mammals: V. The Vitamin A and Carotenoid Contents of Human Colostrum and Milk , Biochem. J. 34:724-735 ( (May) ) 1940;.
Dornbush, A. C.; Peterson, W. H., and Olson, F. R.:  The Carotene and Vitamin A Content of Market Milks , J. A. M. A. 114:1748-1751 ( (May 9) ) 1940;.
Lewis, J. M., and Barenberg, L. H.:  The Relationship of Vitamin A to the Health of Infants , J. A. M. A. 110:1338-1341 ( (April 23) ) 1938;.
Selleg, Iva, and King, C. G.:  The Vitamin C Content of Human Milk and Its Variation with Diet , J. Nutrition 11:599-606 ( (June) ) 1936;.
Winkler, H., and Heins, E.:  Der Askorbinsäuregehalt der Frauenmilch im Sommer und Winter , Ztschr. f. Geburtsh. u. Gynäk. 117:148-164, 1938;.
Holmes, A. D.; Tripp, Francis; Woelffer, E. A., and Satterfield, G. H.:  Ascorbic Acid Content of Cow's Milk at Various Stages of Lactation , Am. J. Dis. Child 60:1025-1030 ( (Nov.) ) 1940;.
Riddell, W. H.; Whitnah, C. H.; Hughes, J. S., and Lienhardt, H. F.:  Influence of the Ration on the Vitamin C Content of Milk , J. Nutrition 11:47-54 ( (Jan.) ) 1936;.
Hawley, Estelle E.:  Vitamin C Content of Milks: Raw, Pasteurized and Baby Formulae , J. Am. Dietet. A. 14:275-277 ( (April) ) 1938;.
Trout, G. M., and Gjessing, E. C.:  Ascorbic Acid and Oxidized Flavor in Milk: I. Distribution of Ascorbic Acid and Occurrence of Oxidized Flavor in Commercial Grade A Raw, in Pasteurized Irradiated, and in Pasteurized Milk Throughout the Year , J. Dairy Sc. 22:271-281, 1939;.
Holmes, A. D.; Tripp, Francis; Woelffer, E. A., and Satterfield, G. H.:  The Influence of Pasteurization on the Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Content of Certified Milk , J. Am. Dietet. A. 15:363-368 ( (May) ) 1939;.
Rasmussen, Russel; Guerrant, N. B.; Shaw, A. O.; Welch, R. C., and Bechdel, S. I.:  Effects of Breed Characteristics and Stages of Lactation on the Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Content of Cow Milk , J. Nutrition 11:425-432 ( (May) ) 1936;.
Morgan, Agnes F., and Haynes, Edna G.:  Vitamin B1 Content of Human Milk as Affected by Ingestion of Thiamine Chloride , J. Nutrition 18:105-114 ( (Aug.) ) 1939;.
Slater, E. C., and Rial, E. J.:  The Thiamine (Vitamin Bi) in Human Milk , M. J. Australia 1:3-12 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1942;.
Widenbauer, F., and Heckler, F.:  Ueber den Vitamin B1-Gehalt der Kuh- und Frauenmilch , Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 60:683-690, 1939;.
Kendall, Norman:  Thiamine Content of Various Milks , J. Pediat. 20:65-73 ( (Jan.) ) 1942;.
Knott, Elizabeth M.; Kleiger, Sarah C., and Bracamonte, F. T.:  Factors Affecting the Thiamine Content of Breast Milk , J. Nutrition ( (Jan.) ) 1943;.
Clements, F. W.:  The Symptoms of Partial Vitamin B1 Deficiency in Breast Fed Infants , M. J. Australia 1:12-16 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1942;.
Elvehjem, C. A.:  Meat and Human Health , J. Am. Dietet. A. 18:145-148 ( (March) ) 1942;
 The Water Soluble Vitamins , J. A. M. A. , to be published.
Boas-Fixsen, Margaret A., and Roscoe, Margaret H.:  Tables of the Vitamin Content of Human and Animal Foods , Nutrition Abstrs. & Rev. 7:823-867 ( (April) ) 1938;.
Halliday, Nellie, and Dueul, H. J., Jr.:  The Presence of Free and Combined Thiamine in Milk , J. Biol. Chem. 140:555-561 ( (Aug.) ) 1941;.
Clouse, Ruth C.:  Essentials of an Adequate Diet: II . Hygeia 19:727-729 ( (Sept.) ) 1941;.
Schlutz, F. W., and Knott, Elizabeth M.:  Factors Affecting the Vitamin B1 Content of Evaporated Milk , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 40:532-535 ( (April) ) 1939;.
Knott, Elizabeth M.; Kleiger, Sarah C., and Schlutz, F. W.:  Is Breast Milk Adequate in Meeting the Thiamine Requirement of Infants? J. Pediat. , to be published.
Neuweiler, W.:  Ueber den Flavingehalt der Frauenmilch , Klin. Wchnschr. 16:1348-1350 ( (Sept. 25) ) 1937;.
Müller, Rudolf:  Beobachtung über dem Lacto-flavingehalt der Frauenmilch und seine Beeinflussung durch die Ernährung , Klin. Wchnschr. 16:807-810 ( (June 5) ) 1937;.
Henry, K. M.; Houston, J., and Kon, S. K.:  Estimation of Riboflavin: Part 2. The Estimation of Riboflavin in Milk: Comparison of Fluometric and Biological Tests , Biochem. J. 34:607-624 ( (April) ) 1940;.
Johnson, P.; Maynard, L. A., and Loosli, J. K.:  The Riboflavin Content of Milk as Influenced by Diet , J. Dairy Sc. 24:57-64, 1941;.
Clouse, Ruth C.:  Essentials of an Adequate Diet: III , Hygeia 19:817-818 ( (Oct.) ) 1941;.
Kodicek, E.:  Estimation of Nicotinic Acid in Animal Tissues, Blood and Certain Foodstuffs: 2. Applications , Biochem. J. 34:724-735 ( (May) ) 1940;.
Teply, L. J.; Strong, F. M., and Elvehjem, C. A.:  The Distribution of Nicotinic Acid in Foods , J. Nutrition 23:417-423 ( (April) ) 1942;.
Bailey, E. A., Jr.; Dann, W. J.; Satterfield, G. H., and Grinnells, C. D.:  A Method for the Estimation of Nicotinic Acid in Milk , J. Dairy Sc. 24:1047-1053, 1941;.
Noll, C. I., and Jensen, O. G.:  The Chemical Determination of Nicotinic Acid in Milk , J. Biol. Chem. 140:755-762 ( (Sept.) ) 1941;.
Snell, E. E., and Wright, L. D.:  A Microbiological Method for the Determination of Nicotinic Acid , J. Biol. Chem. 139:675-686 ( (June) ) 1941;.
Drummond, G. C.; Gray, C. H., and Richardson, N. E. G.:  Antirachitic Value of Human Milk , Brit. M. J. 2:757-760 ( (Oct. 14) ) 1939;.
Bechtel, H. E., and Hoppert, C. A.:  Seasonal Variation of the Vitamin D in Normal Cow Milk , J. Nutrition 11:537-549 ( (June) ) 1936;.
Braestrup, P. W.:  The Content of Reduced Ascorbic Acid in Blood Plasma in Infants, Especially at Birth and in the First Days of Life , J. Nutrition 16:363-373 ( (Oct.) ) 1938;.
Mindlin, R. L.:  The Relation between Plasma Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Diet in the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 13:309-313 ( (Sept.) ) 1938;.
Jeans, P. C., and Stearns, Genevieve:  The Human Requirement of Vitamin D , J. A. M. A. 111:703-711 ( (Aug. 20) ) 1938;
 The Vitamins , A Symposium , Chicago, Americal Medical Association, 1939;, chapter 26, pp. 483-512.
Jeans, P. C., and Stearns, Genevieve:  The Effect of Vitamin D on Linear Growth in Infancy: II. The Effect of Intakes above 1,800 U. S. P. Units Daily , J. Pediat. 13:730-740 ( (Nov.) ) 1938;.
Meredith, H. V.:  Stature and Weight of Children of the United States , Am. J. Dis. Child. 62:909-932 ( (Nov.) ) 1941;.
Kornfeld, Werner:  Zur Bewertung von Grösse und Gewicht bei Knaben und Mädchen aller Altestufen , Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 48:188, 1929;.
Stuart, H. C.:  Standards of Physical Development for Reference in Clinical Appraisement: Suggestions for Their Presentation and Use , J. Pediat. 5:194-207 ( (Aug.) ) 1934;.
Baldwin, B. T.: The Physical Growth of Children from Birth to Maturity , University of Iowa Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1921;, vol. 1, no. (1) .
 Advisory Committee on Research in Dental Caries: Findings and Conclusions on Its Causes and Control , Compiled for the Research Commission of the American Dental Association , Lancaster, Lancaster Press, 1939;.
Jolliffe, Norman; McLester, J. S., and Sherman, H. C.:  The Prevalence of Malnutrition , J. A. M. A. 118:944-950 ( (March 21) ) 1942;.
Jolliffe, Norman:  Nutritional Failures: Their Causes and Prevention , Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 20:103-125 ( (April) ) 1942;.
Jeans, P. C.; Blanchard, Evelyn L., and Satterthwaite, F. E.:  Dark Adaptation and Vitamin A , J. Pediat. 18:170-194 ( (Feb.) ) 1941;.
Wilson, H. E. C.:  Pyruvic Acid Test for Thiamine Deficiency in Children , Lancet 1:199 ( (Feb. 14) ) 1942;.
Mason, H. L., and Williams, R. D.:  The Urinary Excretion of Thiamine as an Index of the Nutritional Level: Assessment of the Value of a Test Dose , J. Clin. Investigation 21:247-255 ( (March) ) 1942;.
Wortis, Herman; Goodhart, R. S., and Bueding, Ernest:  Cocarboxylase, Pyruvic Acid and Bisulfite Binding Substances in Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 61:226-230 ( (Feb.) ) 1941;.
Schlutz, F. W., and Knott, Elizabeth M.:  Cocarboxylase Content of Blood of Infants and of Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 61:231-236 ( (Feb.) ) 1941;.
Melnick, Daniel:  Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Requirement of Man , J. Nutrition 24:139-151 ( (Aug.) ) 1942;.
Lane, R. L.; Johnson, Elizabeth, and Williams, R. R.:  Studies of the Average American Diet I; Thiamine Content , J. Nutrition 23:613-624 ( (June) ) 1942;.
Macy, Icie G.: Nutrition and Chemical Growth in Childhood , vol. I, Evaluation, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, 1942;, pp. 84-85.
Jeans, P. C., and Stearns, Genevieve: Unpublished data.
Daniels, Amy L.; Hutton, Mary K.; Knott, Elizabeth M.; Everson, Gladys, and Wright, Olive E.:  Relation of Ingestion of Milk to Calcium Metabolism in Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 47:499-513 ( (March) ) 1934;.
Daniels, Amy L.; Hutton, Mary K.; Knott, Elizabeth M.; Wright, Olive E., and Forman, Mary:  Calcium and Phosphorus Needs of Preschool Children , J. Nutrition 10:373-388 ( (Oct.) ) 1935;.
Outhouse, Julia; Kinsman, Gladys; Sheldon, Dorothy; Twomey, Irene; Smith, Janice, and Mitchell, H. H.:  The Calcium Requirements of Five Preschool Girls , J. Nutrition 17:199-209 ( (March) ) 1939;.
Hunter, Andrew: Creatine and Creatinine , London, New York, Longmans Green & Co., Ltd., 1928;.
Stearns, Genevieve, and others: Unpublished data.

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Stearns, Genevieve:  The Mineral Metabolism of Normal Infants , Physiol. Rev. 19:415-430 ( (July) ) 1939;.
Moulton, C. R.:  Age and Chemical Development in Mammals , J. Biol. Chem. 57:79 ( (Aug.) ) 1923;.
Eliot, Martha M., and Park, E. A.:  Rickets , in Brennemann's System of Pediatrics , Hagerstown, Md., W. F. Prior Company, 1938;, vol. 1, chapter 36.
Hamilton, B.:  Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism of Prematures , Acta paediat. 2:1-83, 1923;.
Stearns, Genevieve; Jeans, P. C., and Vandecar, Verva:  The Effect of Vitamin D on Linear Growth in Infancy , J. Pediat. 9:1-12 ( (July) ) 1936;.
Slyker, Francis; Hamil, B. M.; Poole, M. W.; Cooley, T. B., and Macy, Icie G.:  Relationship Between Vitamin D Intake and Linear Growth in Infants , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 37:499-502 ( (Dec.) ) 1937;.
Jeans, P. C., and Stearns, Genevieve: Unpublished data.
Catherwood, Ruth, and Stearns, Genevieve:  Creatine and Creatinine Excretion in Infancy , J. Biol. Chem. 119:201-214 ( (June) ) 1937;.
Stearns, Genevieve, and Stinger, Dorothy:  Iron Retention in Infancy , J. Nutrition 13:127-141 ( (Feb.) ) 1937;.
Friderichsen, C., and With, T. K.:  Ueber den Gehalt der Frauenmilch an Karotinoiden und A-Vitamin, besonders in bezug auf seine Abhängigkeit von der Kost , Ann. paediat. 153:113-143 ( (June) ) 1939;.
Dann, W. J.:  The Transmission of Vitamin A from Parents to Young in Mammals: V. The Vitamin A and Carotenoid Contents of Human Colostrum and Milk , Biochem. J. 34:724-735 ( (May) ) 1940;.
Dornbush, A. C.; Peterson, W. H., and Olson, F. R.:  The Carotene and Vitamin A Content of Market Milks , J. A. M. A. 114:1748-1751 ( (May 9) ) 1940;.
Lewis, J. M., and Barenberg, L. H.:  The Relationship of Vitamin A to the Health of Infants , J. A. M. A. 110:1338-1341 ( (April 23) ) 1938;.
Selleg, Iva, and King, C. G.:  The Vitamin C Content of Human Milk and Its Variation with Diet , J. Nutrition 11:599-606 ( (June) ) 1936;.
Winkler, H., and Heins, E.:  Der Askorbinsäuregehalt der Frauenmilch im Sommer und Winter , Ztschr. f. Geburtsh. u. Gynäk. 117:148-164, 1938;.
Holmes, A. D.; Tripp, Francis; Woelffer, E. A., and Satterfield, G. H.:  Ascorbic Acid Content of Cow's Milk at Various Stages of Lactation , Am. J. Dis. Child 60:1025-1030 ( (Nov.) ) 1940;.
Riddell, W. H.; Whitnah, C. H.; Hughes, J. S., and Lienhardt, H. F.:  Influence of the Ration on the Vitamin C Content of Milk , J. Nutrition 11:47-54 ( (Jan.) ) 1936;.
Hawley, Estelle E.:  Vitamin C Content of Milks: Raw, Pasteurized and Baby Formulae , J. Am. Dietet. A. 14:275-277 ( (April) ) 1938;.
Trout, G. M., and Gjessing, E. C.:  Ascorbic Acid and Oxidized Flavor in Milk: I. Distribution of Ascorbic Acid and Occurrence of Oxidized Flavor in Commercial Grade A Raw, in Pasteurized Irradiated, and in Pasteurized Milk Throughout the Year , J. Dairy Sc. 22:271-281, 1939;.
Holmes, A. D.; Tripp, Francis; Woelffer, E. A., and Satterfield, G. H.:  The Influence of Pasteurization on the Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Content of Certified Milk , J. Am. Dietet. A. 15:363-368 ( (May) ) 1939;.
Rasmussen, Russel; Guerrant, N. B.; Shaw, A. O.; Welch, R. C., and Bechdel, S. I.:  Effects of Breed Characteristics and Stages of Lactation on the Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Content of Cow Milk , J. Nutrition 11:425-432 ( (May) ) 1936;.
Morgan, Agnes F., and Haynes, Edna G.:  Vitamin B1 Content of Human Milk as Affected by Ingestion of Thiamine Chloride , J. Nutrition 18:105-114 ( (Aug.) ) 1939;.
Slater, E. C., and Rial, E. J.:  The Thiamine (Vitamin Bi) in Human Milk , M. J. Australia 1:3-12 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1942;.
Widenbauer, F., and Heckler, F.:  Ueber den Vitamin B1-Gehalt der Kuh- und Frauenmilch , Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 60:683-690, 1939;.
Kendall, Norman:  Thiamine Content of Various Milks , J. Pediat. 20:65-73 ( (Jan.) ) 1942;.
Knott, Elizabeth M.; Kleiger, Sarah C., and Bracamonte, F. T.:  Factors Affecting the Thiamine Content of Breast Milk , J. Nutrition ( (Jan.) ) 1943;.
Clements, F. W.:  The Symptoms of Partial Vitamin B1 Deficiency in Breast Fed Infants , M. J. Australia 1:12-16 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1942;.
Elvehjem, C. A.:  Meat and Human Health , J. Am. Dietet. A. 18:145-148 ( (March) ) 1942;
 The Water Soluble Vitamins , J. A. M. A. , to be published.
Boas-Fixsen, Margaret A., and Roscoe, Margaret H.:  Tables of the Vitamin Content of Human and Animal Foods , Nutrition Abstrs. & Rev. 7:823-867 ( (April) ) 1938;.
Halliday, Nellie, and Dueul, H. J., Jr.:  The Presence of Free and Combined Thiamine in Milk , J. Biol. Chem. 140:555-561 ( (Aug.) ) 1941;.
Clouse, Ruth C.:  Essentials of an Adequate Diet: II . Hygeia 19:727-729 ( (Sept.) ) 1941;.
Schlutz, F. W., and Knott, Elizabeth M.:  Factors Affecting the Vitamin B1 Content of Evaporated Milk , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 40:532-535 ( (April) ) 1939;.
Knott, Elizabeth M.; Kleiger, Sarah C., and Schlutz, F. W.:  Is Breast Milk Adequate in Meeting the Thiamine Requirement of Infants? J. Pediat. , to be published.
Neuweiler, W.:  Ueber den Flavingehalt der Frauenmilch , Klin. Wchnschr. 16:1348-1350 ( (Sept. 25) ) 1937;.
Müller, Rudolf:  Beobachtung über dem Lacto-flavingehalt der Frauenmilch und seine Beeinflussung durch die Ernährung , Klin. Wchnschr. 16:807-810 ( (June 5) ) 1937;.
Henry, K. M.; Houston, J., and Kon, S. K.:  Estimation of Riboflavin: Part 2. The Estimation of Riboflavin in Milk: Comparison of Fluometric and Biological Tests , Biochem. J. 34:607-624 ( (April) ) 1940;.
Johnson, P.; Maynard, L. A., and Loosli, J. K.:  The Riboflavin Content of Milk as Influenced by Diet , J. Dairy Sc. 24:57-64, 1941;.
Clouse, Ruth C.:  Essentials of an Adequate Diet: III , Hygeia 19:817-818 ( (Oct.) ) 1941;.
Kodicek, E.:  Estimation of Nicotinic Acid in Animal Tissues, Blood and Certain Foodstuffs: 2. Applications , Biochem. J. 34:724-735 ( (May) ) 1940;.
Teply, L. J.; Strong, F. M., and Elvehjem, C. A.:  The Distribution of Nicotinic Acid in Foods , J. Nutrition 23:417-423 ( (April) ) 1942;.
Bailey, E. A., Jr.; Dann, W. J.; Satterfield, G. H., and Grinnells, C. D.:  A Method for the Estimation of Nicotinic Acid in Milk , J. Dairy Sc. 24:1047-1053, 1941;.
Noll, C. I., and Jensen, O. G.:  The Chemical Determination of Nicotinic Acid in Milk , J. Biol. Chem. 140:755-762 ( (Sept.) ) 1941;.
Snell, E. E., and Wright, L. D.:  A Microbiological Method for the Determination of Nicotinic Acid , J. Biol. Chem. 139:675-686 ( (June) ) 1941;.
Drummond, G. C.; Gray, C. H., and Richardson, N. E. G.:  Antirachitic Value of Human Milk , Brit. M. J. 2:757-760 ( (Oct. 14) ) 1939;.
Bechtel, H. E., and Hoppert, C. A.:  Seasonal Variation of the Vitamin D in Normal Cow Milk , J. Nutrition 11:537-549 ( (June) ) 1936;.
Braestrup, P. W.:  The Content of Reduced Ascorbic Acid in Blood Plasma in Infants, Especially at Birth and in the First Days of Life , J. Nutrition 16:363-373 ( (Oct.) ) 1938;.
Mindlin, R. L.:  The Relation between Plasma Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Diet in the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 13:309-313 ( (Sept.) ) 1938;.
Jeans, P. C., and Stearns, Genevieve:  The Human Requirement of Vitamin D , J. A. M. A. 111:703-711 ( (Aug. 20) ) 1938;
 The Vitamins , A Symposium , Chicago, Americal Medical Association, 1939;, chapter 26, pp. 483-512.
Jeans, P. C., and Stearns, Genevieve:  The Effect of Vitamin D on Linear Growth in Infancy: II. The Effect of Intakes above 1,800 U. S. P. Units Daily , J. Pediat. 13:730-740 ( (Nov.) ) 1938;.
Meredith, H. V.:  Stature and Weight of Children of the United States , Am. J. Dis. Child. 62:909-932 ( (Nov.) ) 1941;.
Kornfeld, Werner:  Zur Bewertung von Grösse und Gewicht bei Knaben und Mädchen aller Altestufen , Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 48:188, 1929;.
Stuart, H. C.:  Standards of Physical Development for Reference in Clinical Appraisement: Suggestions for Their Presentation and Use , J. Pediat. 5:194-207 ( (Aug.) ) 1934;.
Baldwin, B. T.: The Physical Growth of Children from Birth to Maturity , University of Iowa Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1921;, vol. 1, no. (1) .
 Advisory Committee on Research in Dental Caries: Findings and Conclusions on Its Causes and Control , Compiled for the Research Commission of the American Dental Association , Lancaster, Lancaster Press, 1939;.
Jolliffe, Norman; McLester, J. S., and Sherman, H. C.:  The Prevalence of Malnutrition , J. A. M. A. 118:944-950 ( (March 21) ) 1942;.
Jolliffe, Norman:  Nutritional Failures: Their Causes and Prevention , Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 20:103-125 ( (April) ) 1942;.
Jeans, P. C.; Blanchard, Evelyn L., and Satterthwaite, F. E.:  Dark Adaptation and Vitamin A , J. Pediat. 18:170-194 ( (Feb.) ) 1941;.
Wilson, H. E. C.:  Pyruvic Acid Test for Thiamine Deficiency in Children , Lancet 1:199 ( (Feb. 14) ) 1942;.
Mason, H. L., and Williams, R. D.:  The Urinary Excretion of Thiamine as an Index of the Nutritional Level: Assessment of the Value of a Test Dose , J. Clin. Investigation 21:247-255 ( (March) ) 1942;.
Wortis, Herman; Goodhart, R. S., and Bueding, Ernest:  Cocarboxylase, Pyruvic Acid and Bisulfite Binding Substances in Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 61:226-230 ( (Feb.) ) 1941;.
Schlutz, F. W., and Knott, Elizabeth M.:  Cocarboxylase Content of Blood of Infants and of Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 61:231-236 ( (Feb.) ) 1941;.
Melnick, Daniel:  Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Requirement of Man , J. Nutrition 24:139-151 ( (Aug.) ) 1942;.
Lane, R. L.; Johnson, Elizabeth, and Williams, R. R.:  Studies of the Average American Diet I; Thiamine Content , J. Nutrition 23:613-624 ( (June) ) 1942;.
Macy, Icie G.: Nutrition and Chemical Growth in Childhood , vol. I, Evaluation, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, 1942;, pp. 84-85.
Jeans, P. C., and Stearns, Genevieve: Unpublished data.
Daniels, Amy L.; Hutton, Mary K.; Knott, Elizabeth M.; Everson, Gladys, and Wright, Olive E.:  Relation of Ingestion of Milk to Calcium Metabolism in Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 47:499-513 ( (March) ) 1934;.
Daniels, Amy L.; Hutton, Mary K.; Knott, Elizabeth M.; Wright, Olive E., and Forman, Mary:  Calcium and Phosphorus Needs of Preschool Children , J. Nutrition 10:373-388 ( (Oct.) ) 1935;.
Outhouse, Julia; Kinsman, Gladys; Sheldon, Dorothy; Twomey, Irene; Smith, Janice, and Mitchell, H. H.:  The Calcium Requirements of Five Preschool Girls , J. Nutrition 17:199-209 ( (March) ) 1939;.
Hunter, Andrew: Creatine and Creatinine , London, New York, Longmans Green & Co., Ltd., 1928;.
Stearns, Genevieve, and others: Unpublished data.
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Accreditation Information The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
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For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
To view and print your certificate and access a summary of your CME courses go to My CME.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
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