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VITAMIN E

H. A. MATTILL, Ph.D.
JAMA. 1938;110(22):1831-1837. doi:10.1001/jama.1938.62790220006011
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Some fifteen years ago several investigators in animal nutrition began to suspect that for normal reproduction the rat required a dietary constituent not yet recognized or included within the generally accepted group of accessories. At first there was some hesitation in accepting yet another member into the already large family of vitamins, but convincing evidence from various laboratories, especially from that of Evans and his co-workers, soon established the fact that when reared on diets otherwise complete, but not containing this new fat-soluble factor, rats did not have offspring, although they appeared to be quite normal in other respects. Male animals became infertile through degeneration of the germinal epithelium and the damage was irreparable. Females failed to carry their young to term; the embryos died and were absorbed, but the female reproductive mechanism as such was not damaged, since adequate dosages of the missing factor restored fertility. Still other experiments

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Evans, H. M.:  Vitamin E , J. A. M. A. 99:469 ( (Aug. 6) ) 1932;.
Olcott, H. S., and Mattill, H. A.:  The Unsaponifiable Lipids of Lettuce: III. Antioxidant , J. Biol. Chem. 93:65 ( (Sept.) ) 1931;.
Bradway, Elizabeth M., and Mattill, H. A.:  The Association of Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Antioxidants in Some Plant Tissues , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56:2405 ( (Nov.) ) 1934;.
Macomber, Donald:  Studies of Reproduction of the Rat: III. Vitamin E Neutralized When Mixed with Lard , New England J. Med. 209: 1235 ( (Dec. 14) ) 1933;.
Ringsted, Axel:  Histological Investigations on the Causes of Sterility in Albino Rats Kept on a Normal Butter Diet , Acta path. et microbiol. Scandinav. 11:197 (No. (2) ) 1934;
Biol. Abstr. 9:11407 (No. (6) ) 1935;.
Lassen, H. K.:  The Influence of Butter Fat and Peanut Oil on the Growth and Fertility of Rats , Acta path. et microbiol. Scandinav. 11:183 (No. (2) ) 1934;.
M. W. Taylor and V. E. Nelson ( Some Observations on Ferric Chloride Addition to the Diet , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 27: 764 [ (May) ] 1930;)
Olcott, H. S., and Mattill, H. A.:  Vitamin E.: I. Some Chemical and Physiological Properties , J. Biol. Chem. 104:423 ( (Feb.) ) 1934;.
Bowden, F. P., and Moore, Thomas:  Absorption Spectrum of the Vitamin E Fraction of Wheat-Germ Oil , Nature 132: 204 ( (Aug. 5) ) 1933;.
Olcott, H. S.:  Vitamin E: II. Stability of Concentrates Toward Oxidizing and Reducing Agents , J. Biol. Chem. 107:471 ( (Nov.) ) 1934;.
Olcott, H. S., and Mattill, H. A.:  Antioxidants and the Oxidation of Fats: I. Inhibitols , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58:1627 ( (Sept.) ) 1936;.
Olcott, H. S.:  Vitamin E: III. Evidence for the Presence of a Hydroxyl, Group; The Biological Utilization of Esters; Absorption Spectrum , J. Biol. Chem. 110:695 ( (Aug.) ) 1935;.
Drummond, J. C.; Singer, Eleanor, and MacWalter, R. J.:  A Study of the Unsaponifiable Fraction of Wheat Germ Oil with Special Reference to Vitamin E , Biochem. J. 29: 456, 1935;.
Drummond, J. C.; Singer, Eleanor, and MacWalter, R. J.:  Further Observations on the Constituents of the Unsaponifiable Fraction of Wheat Germ Oil with Particular Reference to Vitamin E , Biochem. J. 29: 2510, 1935;.
Askew, Frederic:  Surface Films of Vitamin E Concentrates , Biochem. J. 29: 472, 1935;.
Bowden, Philip, and Moore, Thomas:  Absorption Spectrum of the Vitamin E Fraction of Wheat-Germ Oil , Nature 131:512 ( (April 8) ) 1933;.
Morton, R. A., and Edisbury, J. R.:  Absorption Spectrum of Unsaponifiable Matter from Wheat-Germ Oil , Nature 131:618 ( (April 29) ) 1933;.
Olcott, footnotes 8 and 10.
Martin, A. J. P.; Moore, Thomas; Schmidt, Marion, and Bowden, F. P.:  Absorption Spectrum of Vitamin E , Nature 134:214 ( (Aug. 11) ) 1934;.
Drummond, Singer and MacWalter, footnotes 11 and 12.
Evans, H. M.; Emerson, O. H., and Emerson, Gladys A.:  The Isolation from Wheat Germ Oil of an Alcohol, α-Tocopherol, Having the Properties of Vitamin E , J. Biol. Chem. 113:319 ( (Feb.) ) 1936;.
Kimm, Riang-Ha:  Crystalline Derivatives of Vitamin E: Preliminary Report , Sc. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Research [Tokyo] 28:74, 1935;
Todd, A. R.; Bergel, F.; Waldman, H., and Work, T. S.:  Chemical Studies on Vitamin E: I. The Isolation of Some Crystalline Alcohols from the Unsaponifiable Matter of Rice and Wheat Germ Oils , Biochem. J. 31:2247 [ (Dec.) ] 1937;
Emerson, O. H.; Emerson, Gladys A., and Evans, H. M.:  Isolation from Cottonseed Oil of Alcohol Resembling Alpha Tocopherol from Wheat Germ Oil , Science 83:421 ( (May 1) ) 1936;.
Emerson, O. H.; Emerson, Gladys A.; Mohammad, A., and Evans, H. M.:  The Chemistry of Vitamin E , J. Biol. Chem. 122:99 ( (Dec.) ) 1937;.
Olcott, H. S., and Emerson, O. H.:  Antioxidants and the Autoxidation of Fats: IX. The Antioxidant Properties of the Tocopherols , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59:1008 ( (June) ) 1937;.
Drummond, J. C., and Hoover, A. A.:  Studies on Vitamin E [Tocopherol] , Biochem. J. 31:1852 [ (Oct.) ] 1937;
Todd, A. R.; Bergel, F., and Work, T. S.:  Studies on Vitamin E: II. The Isolation of β-Tocopherol from Wheat Germ Oil , Biochem. J. 31:2257 [ (Dec.) ] 1937;
Fernholz, E.:  The Thermal Decomposition of α-Tocopherol , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59:1154 ( (June) ) 1937;.
McArthur, C. S., and Watson, E. M.:  The Selenium Dehydrogenation of α-Tocopherol , Science 86:35 ( (July 9) ) 1937;.
Karrer, P.; Salomon, H., and Fritzsche, H.:  Constituents of Plant Embryos, II: Neotocopherol , Helv. Chim. Acta 20:1422 ( (6) ) 1937;.
John, W.:  Cumotokopherol , Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 250:11 (No. (1) ) 1937;.
A more detailed exposition of the method of assay is given in the previous review 1 and elsewhere.6
Palmer, L. S.:  Biological Assay of Vitamin E; Application to Wheat Germ and Wheat Germ Oil , Proceedings of the American Society of Biological Chemists 119:lxxv ( (June) ) 1937;
Indust. & Engin. Chem. , Anal. Ed. 9:427 ( (Sept.) ) 1937;.
Personal communication from Dr. B. H. Thomas, Ames, Iowa.
Bay, F., and Vogt-Møller, P.:  Continued Studies on Treatment of Sterility in Cows and Breeding Sows with Wheat Germ Oil (Vitamin E) , Vet. J. 90:288, 1934;.
Vogt-Møller, P.:  On Estimation of the Vitamin E Content of the Wheat-Germ Oil Preparation "Fertilan" Mco. , Acta path. et microbiol. Scandinav. 12: 115, 1935;.
Tutt, J. F., quoted by Bay and Vogt-Møller.28
Schioppa, Luigi:  Experimental Researches on Vitamin E: IV. Researches on the Influence of Vitamin E on Fertility and the Bodily Condition of the Offspring , Ztschr. f. Vitaminforsch. 5:22 ( (Jan.) ) 1936;.
Auble, C. E.; Hughes, J. S., and Lienhardt, H. F.:  The Influence of Vitamins B and E on Reproduction in Swine , Proc. Am. Soc. Animal Production , 1929;, p. 133.
Hill, Leonard, and Burdett, E. F.:  Fertility of Bees and Vitamin E , Nature 130:540 ( (Oct. 8) ) 1932;.
Evans, H. M.; Murphy, E. A.; Archibald, R. C., and Cornish, R. E.:  Preparation and Properties of Vitamin E Concentrates , J. Biol. Chem. 108:515 [ (Feb.) ] 1935;
Schoorl, P.:  Vitamin E Research , Ztschr. f. Vitaminforsch. 5: 246 ( (Oct.) ) 1936;.
Mason, K. E., and Melampy, R. M.:  Absence of Vitamin E in the Royal Jelly of Bees , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 35:459 ( (Dec.) ) 1936;.
Evans, H. M.; Emerson, Gladys A., and Ackert, J. E.:  Alleged Vitamin E Content in Royal Jelly , J. Econ. Entom. 30: 642, 1937;.
Barnum, G. L.:  The Vitamin E Content of Eggs as Related to the Diet of the Hen and to Hatchability , J. Nutrition 9: 621 ( (May) ) 1935;.
Ender, Fredrik:  Significance of Vitamin E in Poultry Husbandry , Ztschr. f. Vitaminforsch. 4:106 ( (April) ) 1935;.
Barbas, W. C.:  The Influence of the Fertility Vitamin on Egg-Laying Hens , Landbouwkund. tijdschr. 48:669, 1936;
Chem. Abstr. 31:3531 ( (May 20) ) 1937;.
Adamstone, F. B.:  The Effects of Vitamin E Deficiency on the Development of the Chick , J. Morphol. & Physiol. 52: 47 ( (Sept.) ) 1931;.
Adamstone, F. B., and Card, L. E.:  Effects of Vitamin E Deficiency on the Testis of the Male Fowl (Gallus Domesticus) , J. Morphol. 56:339 ( (Sept.) ) 1934;.
Adamstone, F. B.:  Possible Relation of Vitamin E to Unrestricted Cell Division , Science 80: 450 ( (Nov. 16) ) 1934;.
Urner, J. A.:  The Intra-Uterine Changes in the Pregnant Albino Rat (Mus Norvegicus) Deprived of Vitamin E , Anat. Rec. 50: 175 ( (Aug.) ) 1931;.
Zagami, V., and Sindoni, M.:  Vitamin E Deficiency and Pregnancy in Rats , Riv. di pat. sper. 12:1 ( (March) ) 1934;
Physiol. Abstr. 20:756 ( (Jan.) ) 1936;.
Evans, H. M.:  Testicular Degeneration Due to Inadequate Vitamin A in Cases Where E Is Adequate , Am. J. Physiol. 99: 477 ( (Jan.) ) 1932;.
Korenchevsky, V.:  Sterility in Males on Diets Deficient in Vitamin A and E , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 26: 1187 ( (July) ) 1933;.
Mason, K. E.:  Differences in Testis Injury and Repair After Vitamin A Deficiency, Vitamin E Deficiency and Inanition , Am. J. Anat. 52: 153 ( (March) ) 1933;.
C. A. Pfeiffer ( Some Factors Influencing the Vitalization of the Ovarian Graft and the Production of Sex Hormones in the Male Rat , Endocrinology 21:260 [ (March) ] 1937;)
Waddell, James; Steenbock, Harry, and Hart, E. B.:  Growth and Reproduction on Milk Diets , J. Nutrition 4:53 ( (May) ) 1931;.
Waddell, James:  Male Sterility on Milk Diets , J. Nutrition 4:67 ( (May) ) 1931;.
Keil, H. L., and Nelson, V. E.:  Preservation of Fertility in Male and Female Rats on a Supplemented Milk Diet , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 33:490 ( (Jan.) ) 1936;.
Grijns, G., and Dingemanse, E.:  Diet and Reproduction: IV. The Bipartite Nature of Vitamin E , Proc. Acad. Sc. Amsterdam 36: 242, 1933;
Chem. Abstr. 27: 3974 ( (Aug. 20) ) 1933;.
Martino, G.:  The Dual Nature of Vitamin E , Quaderni nutrizione 1: 180, 1934;
Chem. Abst. 30:4546 ( (July 10) ) 1936;.
Cunningham, I. J., and Hopkirk, C. S. M.:  Dietary Protein in Relation to Sterility , New Zealand J. Sc. Tech. 17:420 (No. (1) ) 1935;
Chem. Abstr. 30: 142 ( (Jan. 10) ) 1936;.
Martino, G., and Knallinsky, A.:  The Vitamin E Content of the Manioc Root . Boll. soc. ital. biol. sper. 8:819, 1933;
Chem. Abstr. 29:3005 ( (May 10) ) 1935;.
Arthus, A.:  Feeding Rats Exclusively with Milk Powders of the Same Origin but of Different Butterfat Contents , Bull. Soc. scient. d'hyg. aliment. 24:218, 1936;
Chem. Abstr. 30:7639 ( (Nov. 10) ) 1936;.
Schioppa, Luigi:  Vitamin E: III. Influence of Vitamin E on Normal Animals, with Respect to Fertility, Size of Litter, and Somatic Characters , Ztschr. f. Vitaminforsch. 4:167 ( (July) ) 1935;.
Hogan, A. G.; Hunter, J. E., and Shrewsbury, C. L.: The Relation of Diet to Bodily Activity and to Capacity to Withstand Unfavorable Circumstances , Bull. 256, University of Missouri Experiment Station, 1927;, p. 50.
Marchesi, Franco:  Vitamin E and Reproductive Function in Albino Rats, Sperimentale , Arch. di biol. 89: 119, 1935;
Chem. Abstr. 29:5895 ( (Sept. 10) ) 1935;.
Blumberg, Harold:  A Growth Deficiency Disease, Curable by Wheat Germ Oil , J. Biol. Chem. 108:227 ( (Jan.) ) 1935;.
Ringsted, Axel:  A Preliminary Note on the Appearance of Paresis in Adult Rats Suffering from Chronic Avitaminosis E , Biochem. J. 29: 788, 1935;.
Martin, G. J.:  Vitamin E , J. Nutrition 13:679 ( (June) ) 1937;.
Emerson, Gladys A., and Evans, H. M.:  The Effect of Vitamin E Deficiency upon Growth , J. Nutrition 14:169 ( (Aug.) ) 1937;.
Olcott, H. S., and Mattill, H. A.:  Vitamin E and Growth , J. Nutrition 14:305 ( (Sept.) ) 1937;.
Burr, G. O.; Brown, W. R., and Moseley, R. L.:  Paralysis in Old Age in Rats on a Diet Deficient in Vitamin E , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 36:780 ( (June) ) 1937;.
Morelle, Jean:  Influence of Deprivation of Vitamin E on Lactation in the Rat . Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 108:804 ( (Nov. 27) ) 1931;.
Lipschutz, Daniel:  Degeneration of Nerve Tracts in Young Rats Lacking Vitamin E , Rev. neurol. 65:221 ( (Feb.) ) 1936;.
Olcott, H. S.:  Paralysis in the Young of Vitamin-E Deficient Female Rats , Proceedings of the American Society of Biological Chemists 119:lxxiv ( (June) ) 1937;.
J. Nutrition 15:221 ( (March) ) 1938;.
Waddell, James, and Steenbock, Harry:  Vitamin E in Iron Treated Dry Rations , J. Nutrition 4: 79 ( (May) ) 1931;.
Kudryashov, B. A., and Agatov, P. A.:  Sterilization by Means of Decomposed Fat , Ginekologia i Akusherstvo 6:1, 1935;
Chem. Abstr. 31:1873 ( (March 20) ) 1937;.
Bacharach, A. L.; Allchorne, Edith, and Glynn, H. E.:  The Influence of Vitamin E Deficiency on Implantation , Biochem. J. 31:2287 ( (Dec.) ) 1937;.
Goettsch, Marianne, and Pappenheimer, A. M.:  Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy in the Guinea Pig and Rabbit , J. Exper. Med. 54: 145 ( (Aug.) ) 1931;.
Pappenheimer, A. M., and Goettsch, Marianne:  Nutritional Myopathy in Ducklings , J. Exper. Med. 59:35 ( (Jan.) ) 1934;.
Pappenheimer, A. M., and Goettsch, Marianne:  Transmission of Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy to Rabbits in Utero , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 34:522 ( (May) ) 1936;.
Madsen, L. L.; McCay, C. M., and Maynard, L. A.: Synthetic Diets for Herbivora with Special Reference to the Toxicity of Cod Liver Oil , Bull. 178, Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, 1935;, p. 3
Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 30:1434 ( (June) ) 1933;.
Madsen, L. L.:  The Comparative Effects of Cod Liver Oil, Cod Liver Oil Concentrate, Lard and Cottonseed Oil in a Synthetic Diet on the Development of Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy , J. Nutrition 11:471 ( (May) ) 1936;.
McCay, C. M.; Paul, Henry, and Maynard, L. A.:  The Removal by Hydrogenation of the Properties of Cod Liver Oil Which Are Harmful to Herbivora , read before the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Rochester in September 1937 .
Pappenheimer, A. M., and Goettsch, Marianne:  Protection Afforded by Certain Vegetable Oils Against Nutritional Encephalomalacia in Chicks , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 31: 777 [ (April) ] 1934;
Morgulis, Sergius, and Spencer, H. C.:  A Study of the Dietary Factors Concerned in Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy , J. Nutrition 11: 573 ( (June) ) 1936;.
Morgulis, Sergius, and Spencer, H. C.:  Studies on the Blood and Tissues in Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy , J. Nutrition 12: 173 ( (Aug.) ) 1936;
 Metabolism Studies in Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy , MorgulisJ. Nutrition 12: 191 ( (Aug.) ) 1936;.
Victor, Joseph:  Metabolic and Irritabilty Changes in Nutritional Myopathy of Rabbits and Ducks , Am. J. Physiol. 108:229 ( (April) ) 1934;.
Wood, E. L., and Hines, H. M.:  Effect of Vitamin E Deficient and Muscular Dystrophy-Producing Diet on Metabolism of Guinea Pigs , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 36:746 ( (June) ) 1937;.
Verzár, Friedrich:  The Influence of Diet on Internal Secretion , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 4:351 ( (Dec. 4) ) 1929;.
Szarka, A.:  The Action of E on Ovarian Function: XI. Estrus and Avitaminosis , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 223:657 ( (Dec. 10) ) 1929;.
Csik, Lajos:  Mechanism of the Action of Vitamin E: Action of Menformone , Magyar Biol. Kutato Intezet Munkai 5:179, 1932;
Chem. Abstr. 27:2183 ( (May 10) ) 1933;.
Kudryashov, B. A.:  Vitamins and the Female Sex Hormone: Is Vitamin E Necessary for the Synthesis of the Female Sex Hormone in Females? Dynamics Development (U. S. S. R.) 10:37, 1935;
Chem. Abstr. 30:4204 ( (June 20) ) 1936;.
Diakov, F. A., and Krizenecky, J.:  Vitamin E and Pituitary Hormone: I and II , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 31: 59 ( (Oct.) ) 1933;.
Saphir, William:  Vitamin E and the Gonads , Endocrinology 20:107 ( (Jan.) ) 1936;.
Geller, F. C.:  Vitamin E and Hormones , Arch. f. Gynäk. 156:345 ( (Dec.) ) 1933;.
Nelson, W. O.:  Studies on the Anterior Hypophysis: III. The Anterior Hypophysis in Vitamin E-Deficient Rats , Anat. Rec. 56:241 ( (June) ) 1933;.
Müller, J. H., and Müller, C.:  Morphological Changes in the Adenohypophysis of Rats on a Vitamin E-Free Diet , Endokrinologie 18: 369 ( (May) ) 1937;
Chem. Abstr. 31:5025, 1937;.
van Wagenen, Gertrude:  Histological Changes in the Male Rat Hypophysis Following Degeneration of the Germinal Epithelium , Anat. Rec. 29:398 ( (March) ) 1925;.
Stein, S. I.:  Experimental Studies on the Hypophysis Cerebri: IV. The Effect of Vitamin E Deficiency in the Female Albino Rat . J. Nutrition 9:611 ( (May) ) 1935;.
Urner, J. A.:  The Changes in the Mammary Glands of Pregnant Albino Rats Deprived of Vitamin E , Sect. Obst., Gynec. & Abd. Surg., A. M. A. , 1930;, p. 34.
Rowlands, I. W., and Singer, Eleanor:  Gonadotropic Activity of the Pituitaries of Vitamin E Deficient Rats , J. Physiol. 86: 323 ( (March) ) 1936;.
Singer, Eleanor:  Effects of Vitamin E Deficiency on the Thyroid Gland of the Rat , J. Physiol. 87:287 ( (Aug.) ) 1936;.
Barrie, M. M. O.:  Effect of Vitamin E Deficiency on the Thyroid , Nature 139:286 ( (Feb. 13) ) 1937;.
Davidson, J. R.:  An Attempt to Inhibit the Development of Tar Carcinoma in Mice , Canad. M. A. J. 31:486 ( (Nov.) ) 1934;
32:364 (April) 1935.
Zagami, V.:  Effect of Vitamin E on Development of Rat Sarcoma , Riv. di pat. sper. 11:381 ( (Dec. 31) ) 1933;
Physiol. Abstr. 19: 348 ( (Aug.) ) 1934;.
Haddow, Alexander, and Russell, Helen:  The Influence of Wheat-Germ Oil in the Diet on the Induction of Tumors in Mice , Am. J. Cancer 29: 363 ( (Feb.) ) 1937;.
Carruthers, Christopher: Unpublished data.
Adamstone, F. B.:  A Lymphoblastoma Occurring in Young Chicks Reared on a Diet Treated with Ferric Chloride to Destroy Vitamin E , Am. J. Cancer 28: 540 ( (Nov.) ) 1936;.
Rowntree, L. G.; Steinberg, A.; Dorrance, G. M., and Ciccone, E. F.:  Sarcoma in Rats from the Ingestion of a Crude Wheat Germ Oil made by Ether Extraction , Am. J. of Cancer 31:359 [ (Nov.) ] 1937;
Pegreffi, Enrico:  Influence of Vitamin E on Healing of Skin Wounds , Pathologica 27:543 ( (Aug. 15) ) 1935;.
Léránth, Géza, and Frank, László:  Significance of Vitamin E in Dermatology , Orvosi hetil. 80:778 ( (Aug. 15) ) 1936;
Chem. Abstr. 30: 7634, 1936;.
Vogt-Møller, P.:  Treatment of Sterility and Habitual Abortion with Wheat Germ and Oil of Wheat Germ (Vitamin E) , Hospitalstid. 76:621 ( (June 1) ) 1933;
Acta obst. et gynec. Scandinav. 13:219, 1933;
 The Treatment of Patients Subject to Chronic Abortion with Wheat-Germ Oil (Vitamin E) , Klin. Wchnschr. 15:1883 ( (Dec. 19) ) 1936;.
Watson, E. M., and Tew, W. P.:  Wheat Germ Oil (Vitamin E) Therapy in Obstetrics , Tr. Am. A. Obst., Gynec. & Abd. Surg. 48: 189, 1935;.
Watson, E. M.:  Clinical Experiences with Wheat Germ Oil (Vitamin E) , Canad. M. A. J. 34: 134 ( (Feb.) ) 1936;.
Currie, D. W.:  Vitamins for Habitual Abortion , Brit. M. J. 1: 752 ( (April 11) ) 1936;.
Shute, Evan:  Early Diagnosis of Abruptio Placentae and Its Treatment with Wheat Germ Oil , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 33:429 ( (March) ) 1937;.
Shute, Evan:  Resistance to Proteolysis Found in the Blood Serum of Aborting Women , J. Obst. Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 42: 1071, 1085 ( (Dec.) ) 1935;
 Relation of Deficiency of Vitamin E to Antiproteolytic Factor Found in Serum of Aborting Women , ShuteJ. Obst. Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 43:74 ( (Feb.) ) 1936;.
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