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THE PREVENTION AND MODIFICATION OF MEASLES

CHARLES F. McKHANN, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

This study was supported in part by a grant from the Commonwealth Fund.

Read before the Section on Pediatrics at the Eighty-Eighth Annual Session of the American Medical Association, Atlantic City, N. J., June 10, 1937.


BOSTON

From the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University Medical School, the Department of Communicable Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, and the Infants' and Children's hospitals.


JAMA. 1937;109(25):2034-2038. doi:10.1001/jama.1937.02780510008003
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Sizable decreases have taken place in recent years in the incidence of certain communicable diseases, notably enteric infections, tuberculosis and diphtheria; the incidence of other diseases, among them measles, has remained unchanged. Public health measures for the control of measles have been entirely inadequate. No satisfactory means of active immunization has been developed; isolation of patients, placarding of homes and closing of schools have had no appreciable influence on the control of outbreaks of the disease. Nevertheless, the death rate from measles has shown a steady decline, as exemplified by the figures for Massachusetts for the years 1920 to 1936 (table 1).

The diminution in deaths from measles may be due in part to the recognition that the disease is particularly dangerous in children of preschool age and that, although almost all persons sooner or later acquire measles, needless exposure, particularly of small children, is unwarranted and should if possible

REFERENCES

Home, Francis: Medical Facts and Experiments , Edinburgh, 1759;
Gentleman's Magazine & Historical Chronicle 28:285, 1758;.
von Katona, Oesterr. med. Wchnschr. 1: 1, 1842;.
Hektoen, Ludvig: J. Infect. Dis. 2:238, 1905;.
Hektoen, Ludvig, and Eggers, H, E.:  Experimental Measles in the Monkey with Special Reference to the Leukocytes , J. A. M. A. 57: 1833 ( (Dec. 2) ) 1911;.
Black, A. P.: Personal communication to the author.
Herrman, C.: Arch. Pediat. 32:503, 1915;.
Blake, F. G., and Trask, J. D., Jr.:  Experimental Measles , J. A. M. A. 77: 192 ( (July 16) ) 1921;.
Weisbecker: Ztschr. f. klin. Med. 30:312, 1896;.
Cenci, F.: Riv. di clin, pediat. 5:1017, 1907;.
Nicolle, C., and Conseil, E.: Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 171: 160, 1923;.
Richardson, D. L., and Connor, Hilary:  Immunization Against Measles , J. A. M. A. 72: 1046 ( (April 12) ) 1919;.
Degkwitz, R.: Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 25: 134 ( (May) ) 1920;
27: 171, 1920
München. med. Wchnschr. 67:649, 1920;
Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 22: 186 ( (Nov.) ) 1921;
Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 48:26 ( (Jan. 5) ) 1922;.
Debré, R.: Arch. f. Kinderh. 95: 169 ( (Feb. 5) ) 1932;.
Zingher, Abraham:  Convalescent Whole Blood, Plasma and Serum in Prophylaxis of Measles , J. A. M. A. 82:1180 ( (April 12) ) 1924;.
Gerlach, H.: Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 28:236, 1924;.
Fischl and Wunscheim: Ztschr. f. Heilk. 16:249, 1895;.
Polano, O.: Ztschr. f. Geburtsh. u. Gynäk. 53:456, 1904;.
Von Gröer, F., and Kassowitz, K.: Ztschr. f. Immunitätsforsch. u. exper. Therap. 22:405, 1914;
Von GröerZtschr. f. Immunitätsforsch. u. exper. Therap. 23:108, 1914;.
Kuttner, Ann, and Ratner, Bret:  The Importance of Colostrum to the New-Born Infant , Am. J. Dis. Child. 25: 413 ( (June) ) 1923;.
Toomey, J. A., and August, M. H.:  Studies in Scarlet Fever , Am. J. Dis. Child. 38:953 ( (Nov.) ) 1929;.
Paunz, Johann, and Csoma, Esther: Jahrb. f. Kinderh. 126:181 ( (Jan.) ) 1930;.
Aycock, W. L., and Kramer, S. D.: J. Exper. Med. 52:457 ( (Oct.) ) 1930;.
Finkelstein, G. S.: Vrach. delo. 14:794 ( (Aug. 31) ) 1931;
abstr. J. A. M. A. 98: 92 ( (Jan. 2) ) 1932;.
Jorge, Ricardo: Bull. Office internat. d'hyg. pub. 24: 978 ( (June) ) 1932;.
De Souza, J. S.: Arch. de méd. d. enf. 35:633 ( (Nov.) ) 1932;.
McKhann, C. F., and Chu, F. T.: J. Infect. Dis. 52: 268 ( (March) -April) 1933;
 Use of Placental Extract in Prevention and Modification of Measles , Am. J. Dis. Child. 45:475 ( (March) ) 1933;.
McKhann, C. F.; Green, A. A., and Coady, Harriet: J. Pediat. 6:603 ( (May) ) 1934;.
McKhann, C. F., and Coady, Harriet: South. M. J. 27:20 ( (Jan.) ) 1934;.
McKhann, C. F.; Green, A. A.; Eckles, L. E., and Davies, J. A. V.: Ann. Int. Med. 9:388 ( (Oct.) ) 1935;.
McGavran, E. G.:  County-Wide Use of Immune Globulin in the Modification and Prevention of Measles , J. A. M. A. 106:1781 ( (May 23) ) 1936;.
Laning, G. M., and Horan, T. N.: J. Michigan M. Soc. 34:772 ( (Dec.) ) 1935;
abstr. J. A. M. A. 106:498 ( (Feb. 8) ) 1936;.
Huber, H. G.: Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 65: 446, 1936;
abstr. J. A. M. A. 107:469 ( (Aug. 8) ) 1936;.
Brincker, J. A. H.: Lancet 1: 103 ( (Jan. 11) ) 1936;.
Flosdorf, E. W., and Mudd, Stuart: J. Immunol. 29:389 ( (Nov.) ) 1935;.
Stokes, Joseph, Jr.; McGuinness, A. C., and Mudd, Stuart: Tr. Am. Pediat. Soc., Am. J. Dis. Child. 50:535 ( (Aug.) ) 1935;.

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Home, Francis: Medical Facts and Experiments , Edinburgh, 1759;
Gentleman's Magazine & Historical Chronicle 28:285, 1758;.
von Katona, Oesterr. med. Wchnschr. 1: 1, 1842;.
Hektoen, Ludvig: J. Infect. Dis. 2:238, 1905;.
Hektoen, Ludvig, and Eggers, H, E.:  Experimental Measles in the Monkey with Special Reference to the Leukocytes , J. A. M. A. 57: 1833 ( (Dec. 2) ) 1911;.
Black, A. P.: Personal communication to the author.
Herrman, C.: Arch. Pediat. 32:503, 1915;.
Blake, F. G., and Trask, J. D., Jr.:  Experimental Measles , J. A. M. A. 77: 192 ( (July 16) ) 1921;.
Weisbecker: Ztschr. f. klin. Med. 30:312, 1896;.
Cenci, F.: Riv. di clin, pediat. 5:1017, 1907;.
Nicolle, C., and Conseil, E.: Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 171: 160, 1923;.
Richardson, D. L., and Connor, Hilary:  Immunization Against Measles , J. A. M. A. 72: 1046 ( (April 12) ) 1919;.
Degkwitz, R.: Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 25: 134 ( (May) ) 1920;
27: 171, 1920
München. med. Wchnschr. 67:649, 1920;
Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 22: 186 ( (Nov.) ) 1921;
Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 48:26 ( (Jan. 5) ) 1922;.
Debré, R.: Arch. f. Kinderh. 95: 169 ( (Feb. 5) ) 1932;.
Zingher, Abraham:  Convalescent Whole Blood, Plasma and Serum in Prophylaxis of Measles , J. A. M. A. 82:1180 ( (April 12) ) 1924;.
Gerlach, H.: Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 28:236, 1924;.
Fischl and Wunscheim: Ztschr. f. Heilk. 16:249, 1895;.
Polano, O.: Ztschr. f. Geburtsh. u. Gynäk. 53:456, 1904;.
Von Gröer, F., and Kassowitz, K.: Ztschr. f. Immunitätsforsch. u. exper. Therap. 22:405, 1914;
Von GröerZtschr. f. Immunitätsforsch. u. exper. Therap. 23:108, 1914;.
Kuttner, Ann, and Ratner, Bret:  The Importance of Colostrum to the New-Born Infant , Am. J. Dis. Child. 25: 413 ( (June) ) 1923;.
Toomey, J. A., and August, M. H.:  Studies in Scarlet Fever , Am. J. Dis. Child. 38:953 ( (Nov.) ) 1929;.
Paunz, Johann, and Csoma, Esther: Jahrb. f. Kinderh. 126:181 ( (Jan.) ) 1930;.
Aycock, W. L., and Kramer, S. D.: J. Exper. Med. 52:457 ( (Oct.) ) 1930;.
Finkelstein, G. S.: Vrach. delo. 14:794 ( (Aug. 31) ) 1931;
abstr. J. A. M. A. 98: 92 ( (Jan. 2) ) 1932;.
Jorge, Ricardo: Bull. Office internat. d'hyg. pub. 24: 978 ( (June) ) 1932;.
De Souza, J. S.: Arch. de méd. d. enf. 35:633 ( (Nov.) ) 1932;.
McKhann, C. F., and Chu, F. T.: J. Infect. Dis. 52: 268 ( (March) -April) 1933;
 Use of Placental Extract in Prevention and Modification of Measles , Am. J. Dis. Child. 45:475 ( (March) ) 1933;.
McKhann, C. F.; Green, A. A., and Coady, Harriet: J. Pediat. 6:603 ( (May) ) 1934;.
McKhann, C. F., and Coady, Harriet: South. M. J. 27:20 ( (Jan.) ) 1934;.
McKhann, C. F.; Green, A. A.; Eckles, L. E., and Davies, J. A. V.: Ann. Int. Med. 9:388 ( (Oct.) ) 1935;.
McGavran, E. G.:  County-Wide Use of Immune Globulin in the Modification and Prevention of Measles , J. A. M. A. 106:1781 ( (May 23) ) 1936;.
Laning, G. M., and Horan, T. N.: J. Michigan M. Soc. 34:772 ( (Dec.) ) 1935;
abstr. J. A. M. A. 106:498 ( (Feb. 8) ) 1936;.
Huber, H. G.: Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 65: 446, 1936;
abstr. J. A. M. A. 107:469 ( (Aug. 8) ) 1936;.
Brincker, J. A. H.: Lancet 1: 103 ( (Jan. 11) ) 1936;.
Flosdorf, E. W., and Mudd, Stuart: J. Immunol. 29:389 ( (Nov.) ) 1935;.
Stokes, Joseph, Jr.; McGuinness, A. C., and Mudd, Stuart: Tr. Am. Pediat. Soc., Am. J. Dis. Child. 50:535 ( (Aug.) ) 1935;.
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