Sarcoidosis FREE

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that usually affects the lungs, causing granulomas (inflammatory nodules). However, it can affect other organs, including the heart, liver, lymph nodes, skin, and eyes. Its symptoms vary depending on the areas of the body affected. Sometimes sarcoidosis is found incidentally, such as when a chest x-ray is taken for another reason. Although the cause is not known, it is thought that there is a genetic (inherited) tendency to develop an immune reaction when exposed to certain particles, which may result in organ damage. Sarcoidosis is not contagious, but proteins from certain bacteria may be involved in triggering the reaction. The January 26, 2011, issue of JAMA includes an article about sarcoidosis. This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the November 1, 2006, issue of JAMA.

There is no known cure, and treatment is based on an individual's symptoms and the degree to which involved organs are affected. Sometimes no treatment is necessary. Prednisone, an oral form of steroid, is usually the first treatment offered. Some individuals cannot tolerate the side effects of steroids, which can include high blood pressure, weight gain, thinning of the skin, osteoporosis (thin bones), and elevated blood glucose. Other medications may be prescribed, including medications that suppress the immune system and that decrease inflammation. Associated conditions such as fatigue, depression, hypercalcemia (increased calcium levels in the blood), kidney stones, and pulmonary hypertension (elevated vascular pressures in the lungs, which can adversely affect breathing and heart function) may require specialized attention.

To find this and previous JAMA Patient Pages, go to the Patient Page Index on JAMA's Web site at http://www.jama.com. Many are available in English and Spanish. A Patient Page on lung transplantation was published in the December 15, 2010, issue of JAMA.

Sources: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Lung Association

The JAMA Patient Page is a public service of JAMA. The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis. For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA suggests that you consult your physician. This page may be photocopied noncommercially by physicians and other health care professionals to share with patients. To purchase bulk reprints, call 312/464-0776.

TOPIC: INFLAMMATORY DISEASES