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JAMA. 1899;XXXIII(5):243-248. doi:10.1001/jama.1899.02450570001001.
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THE ESOPHAGUS.* 

CICATRICAL STRICTURE THEREOF; ITS TREATMENT.  CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS.BY W. J. MAYO, M.D.SURGEON TO ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL.ROCHESTER, MINN.Esophageal obstruction is a subject which must command the attention of every thoughtful surgeon. The inaccessible situation of the gullet, its relation to important structures, and the difficulty attending manipulations within its narrow lumen, all tend to place it among the surgical problems which are difficult of solution. The cases are sufficiently rare to render an individual experience incomplete, and yet are frequent enough to stimulate our best endeavor for their relief.Koening makes a very practical classification of esophageal obstructions into:

  1. Those located within the esophagus, such as. inflammatory spasmodic or cicatrical strictures, foreign bodies, tumors and diverticula.

  2. Pressure obstructions located without the esophagus, especially tumors involving the thyroid body, tracheal and mediastinal glands, or aneurysms of the arch of the aorta. Abscess from Pott's disease may also

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