The author introduces this work with a brief historical sketch of the work previously done, from 1807, when Bozini examined the upper end of the esophagus, to the present day, when Jackson examines the stomach interior and demonstrates lesions of the stomach walls and removes foreign bodies from this viscus. A complete description of the various instruments occupies Chapter 2, with the various lighting methods and the advantages and disadvantages of each. A number of the author's own instruments are shown. The whole book is thoroughly illustrated and every detail of technic is worked out for the practical benefit of the reader. The anatomy, both normal and pathologic, of the trachea, bronchi, etc., is discussed, particularly in relation to the methods of examination, and profuse illustrations depict the endoscopic findings. Radiographs show the methods of localizing foreign bodies and deformities and tumors of the esophagus and bronchial tree, etc. Considerable