My friend, Dr. G. V. I. Brown, of Milwaukee, in his excellent paper read before this section last year, refers to having used direct and rapid pressure to expand the maxillæ for some years prior to the report on this subject made by Dr. Nelson M. Black, also of Milwaukee, in 1901. Dr. Charles E. Quimby, of New York, reported one of his cases before the Academy of Medicine in 1903, in which report he described the straightening of the nasal septum by means of an apparatus constructed and attached by himself, which had opened the suture of the upper maxillæ.1
Dr. W. Pfaff, court dentist at Dresden, Germany, in 1904, read a paper at the Congress in St. Louis, entitled "Stenosis of the Nasal Cavity Caused by the Contraction of the Palate and Abnormal Position of the Teeth; Treatment