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December 18, 1996, Vol 276, No. 23 >
ARTICLE | December 18, 1996

Nicotine Content and Health Risks of Cigars

Jack E. Henningfield, PhD; M. Hariharan, PhD; Lynn T. Kozlowski, PhD
JAMA. 1996;276(23):1857-1858. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540230007003.
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References

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Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath C. Mortality From Smoking in Developed Countries 1950-2000 . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 1994;.
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US Dept of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Cancer: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1982.
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US Dept of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1984.
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US Dept of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1983.
5 +
Hariharan M, VanNoord T.  Liquid-chromatographic determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine from passive smokers: comparison with gas chromatographic method with a nitrogen specific detector . Clin Chem . 1991;;37:1276-1280.
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Gottscho AM, Lin JL, Duch WN, Losty TA.  Nicotine analysis of commercial tobacco products . J Assoc Anal Chem . 1988;;71:1110.
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Henningfield JE, Radzius A, Cone EJ.  Estimation of available nicotine content of six smokeless tobacco products . Tobacco Control . 1995;;4:57-61.
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Benowitz NL, Henningfield JE.  Establishing a nicotine threshold for addiction . N Engl J Med . 1994;;331:123-125.
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Henningfield JE, Kozlowski LT, Benowitz NE.  A proposal to develop meaningful labeling for cigarettes . JAMA . 1994;;272:312-314.
10 +
US Dept of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1988.
11 +
Herling S, Kozlowski LT.  The importance of direct questions about inhalation and daily intake in the evaluation of pipe and cigar smokers . Prev Med . 1988;;17:73-78.
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Ockene JK, Pechacek TF, Vogt T, Svendsen K.  Does switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars reduce tobacco smoke exposure? Am J Public Health . 1987;;77:1412-1416.

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