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December 1, 1989, Vol 262, No. 21 >
ARTICLE | December 1, 1989

Type D (Delta) Hepatitis

Francesco Caredda, MD; Spinello Antinori, MD; Mauro Moroni, MD
JAMA. 1989;262(21):2995-2996. doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430210033013.
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To the Editor.—  Dr Hoofnagle1 recently presented in JAMA an excellent comprehensive review of the field of type D (delta) hepatitis. However, we believe that some new findings deserve consideration. The author states that "delta hepatitis occurs only in patients who have HBsAg [hepatitis B surface antigen] in serum" and that "the clinician should consider testing for anti-HDV [antibody to hepatitis delta virus] in any patient with acute or chronic hepatitis who is tested HBsAg positive." This statement is suggested by the fact that HDV is a defective virus unable to replicate without the concomitant hepatitis B virus infection and apparently was confirmed by the negative results obtained in patients with acute HBsAg-negative hepatitis.2 Nevertheless, the interference of HDV infection on hepatitis B virus replication is a well-known phenomenon, and a few case reports have shown that HDV can be expressed in the absence of detectable HBsAg in

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