Chronic Disease Planning Group, CDC. Positioning for prevention: an analytical framework and background document for chronic disease activities . Atlanta, Georgia: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1986;.
National Center for Health Statistics. National Hospital Discharge Survey (machine-readable data files) . Hyattsville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1970-1978, 1979,1980, 1981,1982, 1983,1984, 1985, 1986;.
National Center for Health Statistics. International classification of diseases, adapted for use in the United States. Eighth revision . Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1968;; PHS publication no. 1693.
Health Care Financing Administration. The international classification of diseases. Ninth revision: clinical modification . 2nd ed. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1980;; DHHS publication no. (PHS)80-1260.
Bureau of the Census. 1970-1980 intercensal population estimates by race, sex, and age (machine-readable data files) . Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, nd.
Irwin R. 1980-1986 intercensal population estimates by race, sex, and age (machine-readable data file) . Alexandria, Virginia: Demo-Detail, 1987;.
Duggar BC, Lewis WF. Comparability of diagnostic data: coded by the eighth and ninth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases . Hyattsville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1987;; DHHS publication no. (PHS)87-1378. (Vital and health statistics; series 2, no.
(104)
).
National Center for Health Statistics. 1987 summary: National Hospital Discharge Survey . Hyattsville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1988;; DHHS publication no. (PHS)88-1250. (Avance data from vital and health statistics; no.
(159)
).
National Center for Health Statistics, Graves EJ. Utilization of short-stay hospitals, United States, 1982: annual summary . Hyattsville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1984;:50; DHHS publication no. (PHS)84-1739. (Vital and health statistics; series 13, no.
(78)
).
CDC. Hospital discharge rates for four major cancers—United States, 1970-1986 . MMWR 1988;; 37:585-8.
Stern MP. The recent decline in ischemic heart disease mortality . Ann Intern Med 1979;; 91:630-40.
McCarthy CM. DRGs—five years later . N Engl J Med 1988;;318:1683-6.
Feinleib M, Havlik RJ, Thom TJ. The changing pattern of ischemic heart disease . J Cardiovasc Med 1982;;7:139-145,148.
Mock MB, Ringqvist I, Fisher LD, et al. Survival of medically treated patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry . Circulation 1982;;66:562-8.
Takaro T, Hultgren HN, Lipton MJ, Detre KM, Participants in the Study Group. The VA Cooperative Randomized Study of Surgery for Coronary Arterial Occlusive Disease. II. Subgroup with significant left main lesions . Circulation 1976;;54(
(suppl III)
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Killip T, Passamani E, Davis K. CASS Principal Investigators and their Associates. Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS): a randomized trial of coronary bypass surgery—Eight years follow-up and survival in patients with reduced ejection fraction . Circulation 1985;;72(
(suppl V)
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Cohen BB, Pokras R, Meads MS, Krushat WM. How will diagnosis-related groups affect epidemiologic research? Am J Epidemiol 1987;;126:1-9.
Diagnoses for 1970-1978 are based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Eighth Revision, Adapted (ICDA-8);3 those for 1979-1986, on the ICD, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM).
This file contains midyear estimates of the population by race, sex, and age for 1980-1986. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
As of 1982, NCHS coded acute MI as a first-listed diagnosis whenever it appeared on a hospitalization record with other circulatory diseases and was other than the first entry.9 Thus, the striking increase from 1981 to 1982 in hospitalization rates for acute MI among both men and women resulted from a change in editing procedure by NCHS. Because the original first diagnosis was probably a circulatory condition, the decrease for chronic IHD from 1981 to 1982 also may have been caused by this change.