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(March)
) 1944;.
Kinsey, V. E., and Grant, W. M.: Adequacy of the Essential Amino Acids for Growth of the Rat , Science 99:303 (
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) 1944;.
Almquist, H. J.: The Amino Acid Requirements and Protein Metabolism of the Avian Organism , Federation Proc. 1:269 (
(Sept.)
) 1942;.
Rose, W. C.; Hanes, W. J.; Johnson, J. E., and Warner, D. T.: Further Experiments on the Role of the Amino Acids in Human Nutrition , J. Biol. Chem. 148: 457 (
(May)
) 1943;
Holt, L. E., Jr.; Albanese, A. A.; Shettles, L. B.: Kadji, C., and Wangerin, D. M.: Studies of Experimental Amino Acid Deficiency in Man: I. Nitrogen Balance , Federation Proc. 1 (Pt.
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Hier, S. W.; Graham, C. E., and Klein, D.: Inhibitory Effect of Certain Amino Acids on Growth of Young Male Rats , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 56: 187 (
(June)
) 1944;.
White, A., and Sayers, M. A.: Accelerated Rat Growth Rate on Dietary Nitrogen Obtained from Pancreas , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 51:270 (
(Nov.)
) 1942;.
Arginine is synthesized by the animal organism but not at a rate rapid enough to meet the demands for normal growth.
Rose, W. C.: The Nutritive Significance of Amino Acids , Physiol. Rev. 18: 109 (
(Jan.)
) 1938;
Rose, W. C., and Fierke, S. S.: The Relation of Aspartic Acid and Glucosamine to Growth , J. Biol. Chem. 143: 115 (
(March)
) 1942;
Rose, W. C., and Rice, E. E.: The Significance of the Amino Acids in Canine Nutrition , Science 90: 186 (
(Aug. 25)
) 1939;
Hartmann, A. F.; Meeker, C. S.; Perley, A. M., and McGinnis, H. G.: Studies of Amino Acid Administration; Utilization of Enzymatic Digest of Casein , J. Pediat. 20:308 (
(March)
) 1942;
Shohl, A. T.; Butler, A. M.; Blackfan, K. D., and MacLachlan, E.: Nitrogen Metabolism During the Oral and Parenteral Administration of the Amino Acids of Hydrolyzed Casein , J. Pediat. 15:469 (
(Oct.)
) 1939;
Albanese, A. A.; Holt, L. E., Jr.; Brumback, J. E., Jr.; Kadji, C., and Wangerin, D. M.: Nitrogen Balance in Experimental Lysine Deficiency in Man , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 48: 728 (
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) 1941;.
Holt, L. E., Jr.; Albanese, A. A.; Brumback, J. E., Jr.; Kadji, C., and Wangerin, D.: Nitrogen Balance in Experimental Tryptophan Deficiency in Man , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 48: 726 (
(Dec.)
) 1941;.
Beiling, C. A., and Lee, R. E.: Treatment of Hypoproteinemia by Oral Administration of Protein Hydrolysates , Arch. Surg. 43: 735 (
(Nov.)
) 1941;.
Robscheit-Robbins, Frieda S.; Miller, L. L., and Whipple, G. H.: Hemoglobin and Plasma Protein: Simultaneous Production During Continued Bleeding as Influenced by Amino Acids, Plasma, Hemoglobin and Digests of Serum, Hemoglobin and Casein , J. Exper. Med. 77:375 (
(April)
) 1943;.
Madden, S. C.; Carter, J. R.; Kattus, A. A., Jr.; Miller, L. L., and Whipple, G. H.: Ten Amino Acids Essential for Plasma Protein Production Effective Orally or Intravenously , J. Exper. Med. 77:277 (
(March)
) 1943;.
Elman, R., and Lischer, C.: The Occurrence and Correction of Hypoproteinemia (Hypoalbuminemia) in Surgical Patients , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 76:503 (
(June)
) 1943;.
Lewis, H. B.: Proteins in Nutrition , J. A. M. A. 120:198 (
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) 1942;.
Albanese, A. A., and Irby, V.: Observations on the Biological Value of a Mixture of Essential Amino Acids , Science 98: 286
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) 1943;
Bauer, C. D., and Berg, C. P.: The Amino Acids Required for Growth in Mice and the Availability of Their Optical Isomers , J. Nutrition 26:51 (
(July)
) 1943;
Elman, R.: Parenteral Replacement of Protein with the Amino Acids of Hydrolyzed Casein , Ann. Surg. 112: 594 (
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) 1940;.
Farr, L. E.: Indications for the Therapeutic Use of Intravenous Amino Acids , Connecticut M. J. 5:24 (
(Jan.)
) 1941;
The specific dynamic action of protein is a by-product and not an intrinsic maintenance need for this foodstuff. On the usual milk diets of infants and mixed diets of children this effect produces a rise of between 5 and 10 per cent above basal metabolic levels. Similarly, exercise does not raise the protein requirement, provided the total dietary calories are adequate.
Vierordt, H.: Anatomische, physiologische und physikalische-Daten und Habellen , Jena, G. Fischer, 1906;.
Gordon, H. H., and McNamara, H.: Fat Excretion of Premature Infants: I. Effect on Fecal Fat Decreasing Fat Intake , Am. J. Dis. Child. 62: 328 (
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Catherwood, R., and Stearns, G.: Creatine and Creatinine Excretion in Infancy , J. Biol. Chem. 119: 201 (
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) 1937;
Benjamin, H. R.; Gordon, H. H., and Marples, E.: Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Premature Infants , Am. J. Dis. Child. 65:412 (
(March)
) 1943;.
These studies have been carried out by Dr. H. H. Gordon with the aid of the Children's Bureau of the United States Department of Labor. The results have not yet been fully analyzed and tabulated.
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) 1937;.
Kik, M. C.: Nutritive Value of Lactalbumin versus Casein , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 37:129 (
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Levine, S. Z.; McEachern, T. H.; Wheatley, M. A.; Marples, E., and Kelly, M. D.: Respiratory Metabolism in Infancy and in Childhood: XV. Daily Energy Requirements of Normal Infants , Am. J. Dis. Child. 50:596 (
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) 1935;
Marples, E.: Creatinuria in Infancy and in Childhood: II. Creatinuria of Premature Infants , Am. J. Dis. Child. 64: 996 (
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Levine, S. Z.; Dann, M., and Marples, E.: A Defect in the Metabolism of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine in Premature Infants: III. Demonstration of the Irreversible Conversion of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine in the Human Organism , J. Clin. Investigation 22:551 (
(July)
) 1943;
Koehne, M., and Morrell, E.: Food Requirement of Girls from 6 to 13 Years of Age , Am. J. Dis. Child. 47:548 (
(March)
) 1934;
Wait, B., and Roberts, L. J.: Studies in the Food Requirement of Adolescent Girls: III. The Protein Intake of Well Nourished Girls 10 to 16 Years of Age , J. Am. Dietet. A. 8:403 (
(Jan.)
) 1933;
Rose, M. S.: The Foundations of Nutrition , New York, Macmillan Company, 1933;
Daniels, A. L.; Hutton, M. K.: Knott, E. M.; Wright, O. E.; Everson, G. J., and Schoular, F.: A Study of the Protein Needs of Preschool Children , J. Nutrition 9:91 (
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) 1935;
Maroney, J. W., and Johnstone, J. A.: Caloric and Protein Requirements and Basal Metabolism of Children from 4 to 14 Years , Am. J. Dis. Child. 54:29 (
(July)
) 1937;
Hawks, J. E.; Bray, M. M., and Dye, M.: The Influence of Diet on the Nitrogen Balances of Preschool Children , J. Nutrition 15:125 (
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) 1938;
Wang, C. C.; Kern, R., and Kaucher, M.: Metabolism of Undernourished Children: IX. A Study of the Basal Metabolism, Caloric Balance and Protein Metabolism During a Period of Gain in Weight , Am. J. Dis. Child. 38:476 (
(Sept.)
) 1929;
Rose, W. C., and Wood, T. R.: The Synthesis of Cystine in Vivo , J. Biol. Chem. 141:381 (
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) 1941;
Womack, M.; Kemmerer, K. S., and Rose, W. C.: The Relation of Cystine and Methionine to Growth , J. Biol. Chem. 121:403 (
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) 1937;
Butler, A. M.: Nutritional Requirements in Infancy and in Childhood , Am. J. Dis. Child. 64:898 (
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) 1942;
Boyd, J. D.: Prescribed Diets for Normal Children , J. Pediat. 24:616 (
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) 1944;
Inadequate Diets and Nutritional Deficiencies in the United States: Their Prevalence and Significance , Bulletin 109, National Research Council,
(November)
1943;.
Turner, D. F.: Selection of Protein Containing Foods to Meet Protein Requirements , J. A. M. A. , to be published.
Williams, P. F.: Importance of Adequate Protein Nutrition in Pregnancy , J. A. M. A. 127:1052 (
(April 21)
) 1945;
Stare, F. J., and Thorn, G. W.: Protein Nutrition in Problems of Medical Interest , J. A. M. A. 127: 1120 (
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Lund, C. C., and Levenson, S. M.: Protein in Surgery , J. A. M. A. 128:95 (
(May 12)
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Anderson, A. F., and Schloss, O. M.: Allergy to Cow's Milk in Infants with Nutritional Disorders , Am. J. Dis. Child. 26:451 (
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) 1923;.
Hartmann, A. F.; Lawler, H. J., and Meeker, C. S.: Studies of Amino Acid Administration: II. Clinical Uses of an Enzymatic Digest of Casein , J. Pediat. 24:37 (
(April)
) 1944;
Shohl, A. T.; May, C. D., and Shwachman, H.: Studies of Nitrogen and Fat Metabolism of Infants and Children with Pancreatic Fibrosis , J. Pediat. 23:267 (
(Sept.)
) 1943;
Shohl, A. T.: Nitrogen Storage Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Casein Hydrolysate to Infants with Acute Gastrointestinal Disturbance , J. Clin. Investigation 22:257 (
(March)
) 1943;
Cook, M. M.: Diarrheal Diseases in the Newborn Infant , J. Missouri M. A. 40: 64 (
(March)
) 1943;
Weech, A. A.: Puzzles of Protein Privation: A Decade of Research into the Biologic Effects of Restricted Dietary Protein , J. Pediat. 19:608 (
(Nov.)
) 1941;
Best, C. H., and Ridout, J. H.: The Pancreas and the Deposition of Fat in the Liver , Am. J. Physiol. 122: 67 (
(April)
) 1938;
Ravdin, I. S.: Protection of Liver from Injury , Surgery 8:204 (
(Aug.)
) 1940;
Farr, L. E.; Emerson, K., Jr., and Fritcher, P. H.: Comparative Efficiency of Intravenous Amino Acids and Dietary Protein in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome , J. Pediat. 17: 595 (
(Nov.)
) 1940;
Wilson, S. J., and Walzer, M.: Absorption of Undigested Protein in Human Beings: IV. Absorption of Unaltered Egg Proteins in Infants and Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 50:49 (
(July)
) 1935;
Ratner, B., and Gruehl, H. L.: Passage of Native Proteins Through the Normal Gastrointestinal Wall , J. Clin. Investigation 13:517 (
(July)
) 1934;
Lippard, V. W.; Schloss, O. M., and Johnson, P. A.: Immune Reactions Induced in Infants by Intestinal Absorption of Incompletely Digested Cow's Milk Protein , Am. J. Dis. Child. 51:562 (
(March)
) 1936;
Hill, L. W.: Amino Acids as a Source of Nitrogen for Allergic Infants , J. A. M. A. 116:2135 (
(May 10)
) 1941;