Adler, L.: Zur Physiologie und Pathologie der Ovarialfunktion . Arch. f. Gynäk. 95: 349, 1912;.
Iscovesco, H.: Les lipoïdes de l'ovaire , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 73: 16, 1912;
Les lipoïde utero-stimulant de l'ovaire , IscovescoCompt. rend. Soc. de biol. 73: 104, 1912;.
Fellner, O. O.: Experimentelle erzeugte Wachstumveränderungen am weiblichen Genitale der Kaninchen , Centralbl. f. allg. Path. u. path. Anat. 23: 673, 1912;.
Herrmann, E.: Ueber eine wirksame Substanz im Eierstocke und in der Placenta , Monatschr. f. Geburtsh. u. Gynäk. 41: 1, 1915;.
Frank, R. T.: The Ovary and the Endocrinologist , J. A. M. A. 78: 181 (
(Jan. 21)
) 1922;.
Allen, Edgar, and Doisy, E. A.: An Ovarian Hormone: Preliminary Report on Its Localization, Extraction and Partial Purification and Action in Test Animals , J. A. M. A. 81: 819 (
(Sept. 8)
) 1923;.
Allen, Edgar; Doisy, E. A.; Francis, B. F.; Robertson, L. L.; Colgate, C. E.; Johnston, C. G.; Kountz, W. B., and Gibson, H. V.: The Hormone of the Ovarian Follicle: Its Localization and Action in Test Animals, and Additional Points Bearing upon the Internal Secretion of the Ovary , Am. J. Anat. 34:133 (
(Sept.)
) 1924;.
Aschheim, Selmar, and Zondek, Bernhard: Hypophysenvorderlappen Hormon und Ovarialhormon im Harn von Schwangeren , Klin. Wchnschr. 6: 1322 (
(July 9)
) 1927;.
Doisy, E. A.; Veler, C. D., and Thayer, S. A.: Folliculin from Urine of Pregnant Women , Am. J. Physiol. 90:329 (
(Oct.)
) 1929;.
Butenandt, Adolf: Ueber "Progynon," ein krystallisiertes weibliches Sexualhormon , Naturwissenschaften 17:878, 1929;.
Marrian, G. F.: Observations on the Chemical Nature of Crystalline Oestrin , J. Soc. Chem. & Ind. 49:515, 1930;
The Chemistry of Oestrin: III. An Improved Method of Preparation and the Isolation of Active Crystalline Material , Biochem. J. 24:435, 1930;
The Chemistry of Oestrin: IV. The Nature of Crystalline Preparations , Biochem. J. 24: 1021, 1930;.
Doisy, E. A.; Thayer, S. A.; Levin, L., and Curtis, J. M.: A New Triatomic Alcohol from the Urine of Pregnant Women , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 28:88 (
(Oct.)
) 1930;.
Girard, André; Sandulesco, G.; Fridenson, A., and Rutgers, J. J.: Sur une nouvelle hormone sexuelle cristallisée retirée de l'urine des juments gravides , Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 194:909 (
(March 7)
) 1932;
Sur une nouvelle hormone sexuelle cristallisée , GirardCompt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 195:981 (
(Nov. 21)
) 1932;
Sur les hormones sexuelles cristallisées retirées de l'urine des juments gravides , GirardCompt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 194: 1020 (
(March 14)
) 1932;.
Butenandt, Adolf, and Störmer, I.: Ueber isomere Follikelhormone; Untersuchungen über das weibliche Sexualhormon , Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 208:129, 1932;.
Schwenk, Erwin, and Hildebrandt, F.: Naturwissenschaften 20: 658, 1932;.
Collip, J. B.: Proc. California Acad. Med. 28, 1931.
MacCorquodale, D. W.; Thayer, S. A., and Doisy, E. A.: The Ovarian Follicular Hormone , Proc. Soc. Biol. Chem. ,
(April 10)
-13, 1935;
The Crystalline Ovarian Follicular Hormone , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32: 1182 (
(April)
) 1935;.
Wintersteiner, Oskar; Schwenk, Erwin, and Whitman, Bradley: Estrogenic Dihydroxy Compounds in the Urine of Pregnant Mares , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32:1087 (
(April)
) 1935;.
Hisaw, F. L.; Meyer, R. K., and Weichert, C. K.: Inhibition of Ovulation and Associated Histological Changes , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 25:754 (
(June)
) 1928;.
Corner, G. W., and Allen, W. M.: Physiology of the Corpus Luteum: II. Production of a Special Uterine Reaction (Progestational Proliferation) by Extracts of the Corpus Luteum , Am. J. Physiol. 88: 326 (
(March)
) 1929;.
In the historical development of our knowledge of the regulation of the sexual cycle, the following periods may be distinguished: 1. Not only did Fränkel attribute to the corpus luteum the function of making possible and maintaining pregnancy, but he considered this organ also as the sole active agent in the ovary. 2. The experiments of Leo Loeb defined the principal functions of the corpus luteum; these made it evident that other factors entered into the domination of the cyclic functions besides the corpus luteum. All the available evidence pointed to the large and mature follicles as the additional factors. These investigations led to the development by Loeb of the concept that a follicular phase and luteal phase have to be distinguished in the sexual cycle. 3. The experiments of Frank and especially of Edgar Allen and Doisy very clearly proved the existence of the follicular hormone. This led to the isolation of pure estrogenic compounds by Doisy and by Butenandt. 4. The confirmatory evidence in favor of the existence of the two phases mentioned was given especially by Courrier and Parkes. 5. The work of Corner and Allen as well as of Hisaw initiated the investigations which led to the purification of the corpus luteum hormone. The significance of the corpus luteum in regulation of the growth of the mammary gland was proved by Ancel and Bouin and by Turner.
Glandular Physiology and Therapy , Chicago, American Medical Association, 1935;, page 477
Veler, C. D.; Thayer, S. A., and Doisy, E. A.: The Preparation of the Crystalline Follicular Ovarian Hormone: Theelin , J. Biol. Chem. 87: 357 (
(June)
) 1930;.
In New and Nonofficial Remedies 1936, page 323, the following statement occurs: "The Council has recognized the nonproprietary name Theelin for the crystalline (ketohydroxy) estrogenic hormone as described by Doisy and the nonproprietary name Theelol for the crystalline (trihydroxy) estrogenic hormone as described by Doisy." The adoption of these names as nonproprietary designations was based on an agreement with E. A. Doisy that "the name [theelin] will not be copyrighted or used as a trademark." Furthermore, the contract of St. Louis University with its licensee, Parke, Davis & Co., requires that the name must be submitted for aproval to the Council. In presenting theelin to the Council in 1931, Parke, Davis & Co. specifically stated that theelin was not a trade mark and had not been registered in foreign countries. Neither "theelin" nor "theelol" appears in the list of names registered with the Pharmaceutical Trade Mark Bureau (1934); this list contains both names that are registered trade marks and others which are not registered in the patent office. "Theelin" and "theelol" do appear in appendix XIV of the British Pharmaceutical Codex 1934, entitled "Substances with Proprietary Trade-Names." This has been cited as evidence that these names are in fact proprietary. However, in the introduction to this appendix it is stated "... it is important to note that the majority of names included in the list are registered trade-marks..." No distinction is made in this list between trade marks and unprotected names; it is obvious that many of the designations belong in the latter category and that the term "proprietary" is very loosely employed in the Codex. In another semiofficial British publication, "The Extra Pharmacopœia" of Martindale and Westcott, "theelin" is indicated as a nonproprietary designation. "Theelin" and "theelol" appear in fact therefore to be nonproprietary names.
Girard, André: La chimie des hormones sexuelle , Bull. Soc. chim. biol. 15: 562 (
(May)
) 1933;.
Adam, N. K.; Danielli, J. F.; Dodds, E. C.; King, H.; Marrian, G. F.; Parkes, A. D., and Rosenheim, O.: Nomenclature of the Oestrin Group , Nature 132:205 (
(Aug. 5)
) 1933;.
"Theel-": Etymology, "Theely-," a Greek root which, in combination, always indicates femaleness.
The term "estrone" had been registered by Parke, Davis and Company with the Pharmaceutical Trade Mark Bureau22 but, according to the firm, it was not registered in the U. S. Patent Office. On the request of the Secretary of the Council, Parke, Davis and Company has agreed to relinquish any proprietary rights that it may have in this name.
The name "esterol" (which might readily be confused with "estriol") is a registered trade mark which is owned by Frederick Stearns and Company and under which it has marketed its preparation of benzyl succinate. This firm, in response to a request by the Secretary of the
Council has commendably agreed to relinquish proprietary rights in the trade mark "esterol" in order to avert possible confusion. The Council desires to express its appreciation to Frederick Stearns and Company for its cooperation in this matter.
"Estrogen" is a registered trade mark belonging to Parke, Davis and Company. On the request of the Secretary of the Council this firm has commendably agreed to relinquish its proprietary rights in the name on its adoption by the Council as a generic term. The Council desires to express its appreciation to Parke, Davis and Company for its action in this matter as well as in the case of the name "estrone." 26