ITALY

The Death of Antonio Carle  Italian universities have suffered another loss in the death of Prof. Antonio Carle, director of the surgical clinic of Turin and chief surgeon in the Ospedale Mauriziano of that city. Born in 1855 in the province of Cuneo, Carle was graduated at Turin and continued his studies in Billroth's clinic. His first important researches were studies on tetanus. There followed researches on the circulatory changes in the brain in anesthesia; experiments on typhoid; studies, in collaboration with Lustig, on the etiology of endemic goiter, and studies on benign conditions of the stomach and their treatment by gastro-intestinal lavage. In 1893, he was made professor of special surgical pathology at the University of Turin, and in 1900 he became the director of the Clinica Chirurgica. In addition to numerous monographs on the surgery of the stomach and of the thyroid, he wrote, in collaboration with Herlitzka,