Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) encompasses those entities that result in arterial occlusions in vessels other than those of the coronary and intracranial vascular beds. Although PAD includes the extracranial carotid, upper extremity, visceral, and renal circulation, the term is usually applied to disease involving the circulation of the lower extremity alone. Intermittent claudication, heralded by pain in the leg muscles during ambulation, is the earliest and the most classic symptom among patients with PAD.1 As the severity of arterial occlusion progresses, symptoms occur even at rest and may culminate in lower extremity ulceration and gangrene. Major amputation is eventually required in more than one third of patients once such limb-threatening symptoms and signs occur.2 Moreover, all-cause mortality is closely linked with the presence and severity of PAD,3 reaching 20% annually in patients with limb-threatening manifestations.4 Nevertheless, the cause of death in patients with PAD is seldom a direct result of the lower extremity arterial disease. Most patients die from complications of coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease, with fewer than 10% of deaths from peripheral vascular events.5
Register and get free email Table of Contents alerts, saved searches, PowerPoint downloads, CME quizzes, and more
Subscribe for full-text access to content from 1998 forward and a host of useful features
Activate your current subscription (AMA members and current subscribers)
Purchase Online Access to this article for 24 hours
Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature
Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal
Instructions
Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. It will be reviewed by JAMA editors. You will be notified when your comment has been published. Comments should not exceed 500 words of text and 10 references.
Do not submit personal medical questions or information that could identify a specific patient, questions about a particular case, or general inquiries to an author. Only content that has not been published, posted, or submitted elsewhere should be submitted. By submitting this Comment, you and any coauthors transfer copyright to the journal if your Comment is posted.
* = Required Field
Disclosure of Any Conflicts of Interest* Indicate all relevant conflicts of interest of each author below, including all relevant financial interests, activities, and relationships within the past 3 years including, but not limited to, employment, affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria or payment, speakers’ bureaus, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents planned, pending, or issued. If all authors have none, check "No potential conflicts or relevant financial interests" in the box below. Please also indicate any funding received in support of this work. The information will be posted with your response.
Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.
Download citation file:
Web of Science® Times Cited: 15
Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.
More Listings atJAMACareerCenter.com >
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature Peripheral Arterial Disease or Peripheral Vascular Insufficiency
The Rational Clinical Examination Make the Diagnosis: Peripheral Arterial Disease
All results at JAMAevidence.com >
and access these and other features:
Register Now
Enter your username and email address. We'll send you a link to reset your password.
Enter your username and email address. We'll send instructions on how to reset your password to the email address we have on record.
Need assistance?
Athens and Shibboleth are access management services that provide single sign-on to protected resources. They replace the multiple user names and passwords necessary to access subscription-based content with a single user name and password that can be entered once per session. It operates independently of a user's location or IP address. If your institution uses Athens or Shibboleth authentication, please contact your site administrator to receive your user name and password.