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Letters | November 4, 2009

Gene-Environment Interactions and Depression—Reply

Kathleen Ries Merikangas, PhD; Thomas Lehner, PhD; Neil J. Risch, PhD

JAMA. 2009;302(17):1859-1862. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1579.

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In Reply: We agree with Drs Koenen and Galea and Drs Lotrich and Lenze regarding the importance of consistent environmental measures in studies of gene-environment interaction. However, it is also important to acknowledge the myriad ways an environmental exposure is defined and potentially adjusted to identify an interaction effect in gene-environment interaction studies when assessing statistical significance. For example, Lotrich and Lenze are critical of our meta-analysis for excluding studies with single heterogeneous life stressors such as job loss, pregnancy, hip fracture, or heart disease. However, exposure to a single life event was not significantly associated with depression in the original study of Caspi et al,¹ in which (as shown in Figure 1 of that article) an interaction with the 5-HTTLPR genotype occurred only among persons with 3 or more stressful life events.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

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November 4, 2009

Gene-Environment Interactions and Depression

Karestan C. Koenen, PhD; Sandro Galea, MD, DrPH

JAMA. 2009;302(17):1859-1862. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1575.

November 4, 2009

Gene-Environment Interactions and Depression

Francis E. Lotrich, MD, PhD; Eric Lenze, MD

JAMA. 2009;302(17):1859-1862. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1576.

November 4, 2009

Gene-Environment Interactions and Depression

Christian Schwahn, PhD; Hans Jörgen Grabe, MD

JAMA. 2009;302(17):1859-1862. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1577.

November 4, 2009

Gene-Environment Interactions and Depression

Nina Rieckmann, PhD; Michael A. Rapp, MD, PhD; Jacqueline Müller-Nordhorn, MD, DPH

JAMA. 2009;302(17):1859-1862. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1578.

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Merikangas K, Lehner T, Risch NJ. Gene-Environment Interactions and Depression—Reply. JAMA. 2009;302(17):1859-1862. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1579.

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