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October 4, 2000, Vol 284, No. 13 >

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Letters | October 4, 2000

Levels of Environmental Endotoxin and Prevalence of Atopic Disease

Jose E. Gereda, MD; Donald Y. M. Leung, MD, PhD; Andrew H. Liu, MD
JAMA. 2000;284(13):1652-1653. doi:10.1001/jama.284.13.1647.
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To the Editor: While the prevalence of asthma and allergic disease is increasing worldwide,1 both diseases appear to be less common in rural settings in developing countries and farming communities in industrialized countries.2 Indeed, some locales seem to be almost free of asthma.3 To explain the low prevalence of asthma in these settings, the "hygiene hypothesis" suggests that early childhood exposure to high levels of bacterial and viral pathogens leads to a lower risk of asthma and atopy.4- 5 The immune response to these infections would presumably inhibit helper T cell type 2 (TH2)–type allergic responses.
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Figure. House-Dust Endotoxin Concentrations From Homes in Denver, US Farms, and Rural Areas of Peru and India
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House-dust endotoxin levels are reported in endotoxin units (EU)/mL, using reference standard endotoxin provided by the US Food and Drug Administration. Log transformation of endotoxin values normalized the distribution of the data. Data points with error bars and associated numbers indicate the geometric mean values and SEM for each location subgroup. Wilcoxon rank sum test, P<.001. Farm barns outnumber farm homes because some homes had more than 1 associated barn and also because some barns were sampled with permission from workers when farm homeowners were not home.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

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